LECTURE 9: FLAGELLATES Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
What is the subphylum of flagellates
A
Mastigophora
2
Q
What is the class of flagellates
A
Zoomastigophora
3
Q
Enumerate the intestinal species under the flagellates
A
Giardia intestinalis
Chilomastix mesnili
Dientamoeba fragilis
Trichomonas hominis
Enteromonas hominis
Retortamonas intestinalis
4
Q
Enumerate the extraintestinal species under the flagellates
A
Trichomonas tenax
Trichomonas vaginalis
5
Q
The two pathogenic species
A
Giardia intestinalis
Dientamoeba fragilis
6
Q
What are commonly associated disease and condition names of Giardia intestinalis
A
Giardiasis
Traveler’s diarrhea
Gay bowel syndrome
7
Q
This protozoan is also known as G. lamblia
A
Giardia intestinalis
8
Q
Giardia intestinalis is also known as
A
G. lamblia
9
Q
Giardia intestinalis was discovered in what year
A
1681
10
Q
Giardia intestinalis was discovered by whom
A
Antoine van Leeuwenhoek
11
Q
Giardia intestinalis was first described by whom and in what year
A
by Lambl in 1859
12
Q
Lambl called Giardia intestinalis as
A
Cercomonas intestinalis
13
Q
Cercomonas instestinalis was renamed to Giardia lamblia by whom and in what year
A
Stiles in 1915
14
Q
How many nuclei in Giardia intestinalis’ cyst
A
2-4 nuclei
15
Q
In the center of Giardia intestinalis’ cyst there are …
A
Two longitudinal fibrils
15
Q
Giardia intestinalis’ trophozoite has what shape
A
Pear-shaped
16
Q
What species has bilaterally symmetrical trophozoite
A
Giardia intestinalis
17
Q
How many nuclei in Giardia intestinalis trophozoite
A
2 nuclei
18
Q
Its trophozoite has falling leaf motility
A
Giardia intestinalis
19
Q
Giardia intestinalis’ trophozoite has what motility
A
Falling leaf motility
20
Q
Giardia intestinalis trophozoite’s resembles what appearance
A
Old man’s face/old man w/
eyeglasses
21
Q
Giardia intestinalis occurs when the host ingests food or
water contaminated with
A
Mature cysts
22
Q
Giardia intestinalis’ trophozoites multiply every …
A
8 hours
23
Q
Giardia intestinalis’ trophozoites multiply via
A
Longitudinal binary fission.
24
The cysts enter the outside environment via the feces and may remain viable for as long as
3 months in water
25
Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestation of Giardia intestinalis
Giardiasis, (Traveler’s Diarrhea), Gay Bowel Syndrome
26
It is characterized by mild diarrhea, abdominal
cramps, anorexia, and flatulence to tenderness of
the epigastric region, steatorrhea, and
malabsorption syndrome.
Giardiasis (Traveler’s Diarrhea)
27
In severe cases of giardiasis, patients produce
Light-colored stools with a high-fat content.
28
It is sexual transmission of protozoal and helminthic
diseases by orogenital or coronal routes, and an obsolete classification.
Gay Bowel Syndrome
29
The specimen of choice of Giardia intestinalis diagnosis
Stool
30
Duodenal contents can identify Giardia intestinalis using the
string test
31
string test also known as
Enterotest
32
The primary choice of treatments for Giardia intestinalis infections according to CDC
metronidazole (Flagyl), tinidazole (Tindamax) and nitazoxanide
(Alinia).
33
Prevention and control for Giardia intestinalis infection
Avoidance of unprotected oral-anal sex
34
What is commonly associated disease and condition name of Dientamoeba fragilis
Dientamoeba fragilis infection (symptomatic)
35
it is initially classified as an ameba.
Dientamoeba fragilis
36
A pathogenic species known to have no cyst stage.
Dientamoeba fragilis
36
Dientamoeba fragilis' trophozoite has what shape
Irregular and roundish in shape.
37
How many nuclei in Dientamoeba fragilis trophozoite
2 nuclei
38
Dientamoeba fragilis' trophozoite consists of how many nuclei
2 nuclei
39
It is known that Dientamoeba fragilis resides in the ...
Mucosal crypts of the large intestine.
40
Pathogenesis and Clinical Manifestation of Dientamoeba fragilis
Dientamoeba fragilis infection
41
Present with diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Dientamoeba fragilis infection
41
Other documented symptoms that may occur
include bloody or mucoid stools, flatulence,
nausea or vomiting, weight loss, and fatigue or
weakness.
Dientamoeba fragilis infection
42
Some patients experience diarrhea alternating
with constipation, low-grade eosinophilia, and
pruritus.
Dientamoeba fragilis infection
43
Dientamoeba fragilis diagnosis
Examination of stool
44
Dientamoeba fragilis infection treatment of choice
Iodoquinol
45
The acceptable alternative treatment for Dientamoeba fragilis infection
Tetracycline
46
Prevention and Control for Dientamoeba fragilis infection
Avoidance of unprotected homosexual practices
47
What are the two intestinal non-pathogenic species
Trichomonas hominis
Chilomastix mesnili
48
A non-pathogenic species with no cyst stage
Trichomonas hominis
49
Its trophozoite is pyriform-shape
Trichomonas hominis
50
What is the shape of Trichomonas hominis
Pyriform shape
51
What is the size range of Trichomonas hominis
7-13 um
52
This non-pathogenic species has five anterior flagella and a posterior flagellum projecting from an undulating membrane.
Trichomonas hominis
53
How many flagella does Trichomonas hominis have ...
5 flagella
54
The cytostome and the nucleus of Trichomonas hominis are situated at the ...
Anterior end
55
A non-pathogenic species that has pear-shaped trophozoite
Chilomastix mesnili
56
What is the shape of the trophozoite of Chilomastix mesnili
Pear-shaped
57
What is the motility movement of Chilomastix mesnili
Jerky movement
58
This non-pathogenic species has jerky movement
Chilomastix mesnili
59
How many flagella does Chilomastix mesnili have ...
3 anterior flagella and 1 within the cytosome
60
What is the cyst's shape of Chilomastix mesnili
Lemon to oval-shaped
61
Its cysts resemble nipple-like cyst
Chilomastix mesnili
62
What is the extra-intestinal pathogenic specie?
Trichomonas vaginalis
63
Common associated disease and condition names of Trichomonas vaginalis
Persistent vaginitis, persistent urethritis, pingpong disease, infant Trichomonas vaginalis infection
64
Where does Trichomonas vaginalis reside
Genitalia
65
Men are generally ...
Asymptomatic carriers
66
What is the infective stage of Trichomonas vaginalis
Trophozoite
67
Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoite infect the
Epithelial and mucosal lining of the vagina
68
A pathogenic extraintestinal specie that does not have cyst stage
Trichomonas vaginalis
69
Trichomonas vaginalis have ...
Single prominent nucleus
70
How many flagella does Trichomonas vaginalis have
3-5 flagella
71
What is Trichomonas vaginalis inclusion body contains
Siderophil granules
72
What is the motility of Trichomonas vaginalis
Rapid jerky motility
73
The MOT of Trichomonas vaginalis
Sexual intercourse
74
The trophozoite of Trichomonas vaginalis multiply via
Binary fission
75
Characterized by a foul-smelling, greenish-yellow liquid vaginal discharge
Pingpong's disease
76
Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites migrating from an
infected mother to the infant through the birth canal and/ or during vaginal delivery.
Infant infections
77
The clinical manifestation of Trichomonas vaginalis
Pingpong's disease
Infant infection
78
Respiratory infection and conjunctivitis.
Infant infection
79
Diagnosis for Trichomonas vaginalis infection
Saline preparation
80
what is the accepted gold standard culture for Trichomonas vaginalis
Diamond's modified medium
81
What is the specimen for laboratory diagnosis of Trichomonas vaginalis
Urine, vaginal swab/discharge (women), prostatic secretion (male)
82
Treatment for Pingpong's disease
Metronidazole
83
Prevention for Pingpong's disease
Avoidance of unprotected sex
84
A non-pathogenic extra-intestinal specie
Trichomonas tenax
85
Hemoflagellates inhabit the ...
Blood and tissues of human
86
MOT of Hemoflagellates
Arthropod bites
87
Fours stage of development of Hemoflagellates
Amastigote, promastigote, epimastigote, trypomastigote
88
Trypanosoma cruzi's condition names
American trypanosomiasis and Chagas' disease
89
What are the vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi
Kissing bugs, Assasin bugs, Triatoma rubrofasciata
90
Habitat of Trypanosoma cruzi
RES, cardiac muscle, and CNS
91
It is mostly found in South America
Trypanosoma cruzi
92
Trypanosoma cruzi is mostly found in
South America
93
Development of an erythematous nodule, known as a chagoma, at the site of infection.
Acute Chagas disease
94
An erythematous nodule, is also known as a
Chagoma
95
(Unilateral swelling of eye lids) is present in patients who contract Trypanosoma cruzi through the ocular mucosa.
Romaña’s sign
96
Destruction of multiple tissues results in patients who present with myocarditis, enlargement of the colon and
esophagus, cardiomegaly, and hepatosplenomegaly.
CNS involvement
Death
Chronic Chagas disease
97
The definitive diagnosis method for Chagas disease
Thick and Thin blood smear using Giemsa stain
98
Treatment of choice of Trypanosoma cruzi infection
Nifurtimox
99
Agent of African sleeping sickness
Trypanosoma brucei
100
East African agent
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
101
West African agent
Trypanosoma gambiense
102
Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted by
Glossina (tsetse flies)
103
A virulent form of trypanosomiasis transmitted by Glossina
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
104
Development of a painful chancre (ulcer), surrounded by a white halo at the bite site.
West African (Gambian) Sleeping Sickness
105
(enlargement of the cervical lymph nodes)
Winterbottom’s sign
106
(a delayed sensation to pain)
Kerandel’s sign
107
Fever, myalgia, and rigors.
Death caused by subsequent kidney damage
(glomerulonephritis) and myocarditis (inflammation of the heart), usually occurs within 9 to 12 months in untreated patients.
East African (Rhodesian) Sleeping Sickness
108
Specimen of choice of Trypanosoma brucei infection
Febrile stage: blood, lymph node aspirate
Sleeping sickness stage: CSF
109
Trypanosoma brucei infection diagnosis
.Thick and thin blood films can be stained with Giemsa
110
Medication for Trypanosoma brucei infection
melarsoprol, suramin, pentamidine, and eflornithine
111
Leishmania spp. are transmitted by the intermediate host the
sandfly (Phlebotomus spp.)
112
L. tropica
Old World leishmaniasis
113
L. mexicana
New World leishmaniasis
114
L. braziliensis
mucocutaneous leishmaniasis or espundia
115
L. donovani
Kala-Azar
116
Diagnosis for Leishmania spp infection
microscopic demonstration of
Leishmania from lesion and tissue scrapings, aspirates, or biopsy.
117
Culture for Leishmania spp.
Schneider's medium
