Lecture 9 Group Dynamics: Leadership and Power and Influence Flashcards
(26 cards)
Leadership: What is it?
According to Zastrow
-Leadership occurs what
-Leadership refers
“Leadership occurs whenever one person in a group influences other members to help the group reach its goals”(2017, p.304).
Leadership refers to influential behavior in general; not all leaders are designated leaders.
Approaches to Leadership
FINAL
What are the four major approaches to leadership theory
TPLD
The Trait Approach
The Position Approach
The Leadership-Style Approach
The Distributed-Functions Approach
Great Quote
-Aristotle says what
“From the hour of their birth some are marked for subjugation, and others for command” (Aristotle).
The Trait Approach
- Assumes that leaders have what
- Leaders are what
- Examples of leaders
- Do what to others, have a strong what, a belief in what and confidence in what
- Associated with the notion that any what, people are often viewed as what
- Better to be what than what
Assumes that leaders have inherent personal characteristics or traits that distinguish them from followers.
Leaders are born, not made.
Examples:
Charismatic leaders
Machiavellian leaders
-Joseph Stalin
inspire others; have a strong sense of mission, a belief in the movement he or she leads, and confidence in self and abilities
Associated with the notion that any means should be used to achieve power; people are often viewed as objects to be manipulated
”better to be feared than loved”
The Position Approach
- Leadership is defined by what
- Common where
- Many designated leaders show inappropriate what
- Examples include
- A problem with this theory is what
Leadership is defined by the authority of a particular position ….
Common in most large organizations; focus is on designated leaders
Many designated leaders show inappropriate leadership skills.
etc. Chairperson, President, Foreman
A problem with this theory is that it does not explain leadership behavior making it impossible to compile a list of leadership traits;
The Leadership-Style Approach (3 types)
Authoritarian
-Have what more what then demo leaders, what traits, dictate what, has what kind of power over what
Democratic
-Leaders seek maximum what, can lead to what, the leader knows what , he or she must learn what
L.F.
-What is minimal, group is left to what
A – authoritarian, have more absolute power than democratic leaders, efficient and decisive, dictates the activities of the members, has absolute power to set goals, policies, and develop major plans.
D – democratic, when making decisions, these leaders seek maximum involvement and participation of group members; can lead to confusion and slow decision making. The democratic leader knows that mistakes are inevitable and the the group will suffer from them, but he or she must learn to stand back and allow the process to continue without interference.
L.F. – lassiez faire, leader participation and input is minimal; group is left to function or flounder on its own.
Distributed-Functions Approach
- Asserts that what
- Nearly everyone can be what
- Leadership functions include: SSIPS
- The functional approach involves determining what
Asserts that every member of a group will be a leader at times by taking actions that serve group functions.
Nearly everyone can be taught to be an effective leader.
Leadership functions include: setting goals, selecting and implementing tasks, and providing resources to accomplish group goals while maintaining the groups cohesion and satisfying the needs of individual members.
- The functional approach involves determining what tasks or functions are essential to achieve group goals and how different group members should participate.
Task Roles Move the group towards the accomplishment of specific goals that have been set by the group -ISDSCDERE -A task leader appears when -The leader plats what role and may what
Information and opinion giver Starter Direction giver Summarizer Coordinator Diagnoser Energizer Reality tester Evaluator
A task leader emerges in many groups because he or she has the best ideas and does the most to guide discussion.
The task leader plays an aggressive role and may be disliked.
Maintenance Roles
Strengthen social/emotional bonds within the group. Examples include:
-EHTCEPSATI
-Maintenance emerge when, concentrate on what and resolve what
Encourager of participation Harmonizer and compromiser Tension reliever Communication helper Evaluator of emotional climate Process observer Standard setter Active listener Trust builder Interpersonal Problem solver
Maintenance leaders also emerge, usually in times of conflict; concentrates on group harmony and resolves tension and conflict within the group
In groups with an official leader, the leader is expected to what
-When the what need of the group are met, what improves, ignoring maintenance needs does what
In groups with an official leader, the leader is often expected to be both a task specialist and a social/emotional specialist
When the social/emotional needs of the group are met, task effectiveness improves; ignoring maintenance needs deteriorates task effectiveness
Other Roles
-EPPEES
Executive Policy Maker Planner Expert External Group Representative Scapegoat -Scapegoat serves as the target for members’ frustrations and disappointments
Power and Influence in Groups
- Often viewed how, power is a normal part of what
- The terms power and influence are used how and refer to what
Though often viewed negatively, power is a normal part of human relationships as people are frequently influencing and being influenced by others.
The terms “power” and “influence” are used interchangeably and “refer to the capacity of an individual to motivate others to carry out certain actions or to behave in a particular way”
Power Bases in Groups
-RCLRE
Reward Power Coercive Power Legitimate Power Referent Power Expert Power
Reward Power
-Reward power is based on what
Reward power is based on one individual’s perception that the other has the capacity to dispense rewards or remove negative consequences in response to their behavior.
Comp time
Coercive Power
-Based on what
Based on one persons perception that the other can dispense punishment or remove positive consequences.
-Firing someone
Legitimate Power
-One person perceives/believes what
One person perceives/believes that the other has a legitimate right to prescribe what constitutes proper behavior and that he or she is obligated to accept the other’s influence.
-CEO, King
Referent Power
-Occurs when one individual does what
Occurs when one individual influences another as a result of identification. The stronger the identification, the greater the attraction.
-Advil Lavigne, oprah, human resource
Expert Power
- Expert power is based on what
- An expert can what
Expert power is based on the perception that a person has knowledge or expertise that is a source of power.
An “expert” can influence if the other trusts the “expert” and believes he or she has the right answer (or knows where to find it)
Effects of Unequal Power
- When power is what
- If a group is what
When power is relatively balanced, members are generally more cooperative.
If a group is dominated by a few powerful members, low-powered persons are likely to feel less committed to carrying out decisions made by more powerful members.
Guidelines for Forming and Leading a Group
-HPRCSICA
Homework Planning a session Relaxing before you start a meeting Cues upon entering the meeting room Seating Arrangements Introductions Clarifying Roles Agenda
Planning a Session
Keep the overall goals and the goals of each individual session at the forefront of planning
-SUPPBC
Select relevant content Use examples Present material in a logical order Plan the time Be flexible Change the pace
Agenda
- Have what
- Ideally, leader should provide what
Have one
Ideally, leader should provide an agenda several days before a meeting so that members have the opportunity to suggest items be added or deleted.
The Group Leader as a Person
- To promote growth in the members lives, leaders need to what
- The most effective group direction is found where
To promote growth in the member’s lives, leaders need to live growth-oriented lives themselves.
The most effective group direction is found in the kind of life the group members see the leader demonstrating and not merely what the leader is saying.
Personality and Character
-PPCWSSBI
Presence Personal power Courage Willingness to confront oneself Sincerity and authenticity Sense of identity Belief in the group process and enthusiasm Inventiveness and creativity
