Lecture 9: Radical Environmental Philosophy Flashcards
So far we have addressed things from a reformation approach, but some argue that ____ is necessary and environmental problems are deeply rooted in the cultural and social fabric of our lives.
Transformative Policies: radical change
What is Deep Ecology?
- the worldview as problematic
- the need to revise our view of humans’ place in world
- should be less self-centered
What is Ecofeminism?
- the unjust human institutions/practices are critical
- sees Deep Ecology as too abstract)
- abuse of environment parallels other forms of domination
Who are the predecessors of Deep Ecology?
Muir, Carson, & White
The Goals of Deep Ecology are to ask deeper ____, because it focuses on the secondary & tertiary qualities of objects (science addresses the primary).
questions, “why, how did it get this way?” instead of asking what the problem is
The goals of Deep Ecology are to clarify the values underlying _____, It is like what White says that we need to do regarding religion, but more broadly.
economic approaches
A revision of our social engagement.
The goals of Deep Ecology are to put ____ into practice and move away from anthropocentrism.
ecocentrism
Deep ecology’s primary earmarks include ____, which is is less likely that someone like Taylor to favor human interests when there’s a clash.
Biocentric egalitarianism
Deep ecology’s primary earmarks include ____, whichincludes a sense of spiritual self, deeply connected self.
self realization
What are the 8 specific principles of Deep Ecology?
page 208
Deep ecology is NOT an attempt to discover? Because?
Intrinsic value or to develop universal moral rules, because these already exist.
What we need is to change our consciousness in order to recognize them.
The task is to work on ourselves, recognize the best decision without needing human imposed set of guidelines.
Deep ecology is NOT a __1__, because this is based on a reductionist view, which disassembles and reconstructs elements of the whole.
Instead deep ecology is __2__.
- putting together of pieces
2. Movement
Critics not that deep ecology does not do much to help us weight competing interests. However how does Naess argue back?
we cannot formulate rules “a priori” , requires a “posteriori action”.
Naess has a culture bound perspective.
example: force bear to do all these other things, but bear might do something else.
What does the critic Guha say about deep ecology?
- categorizes deep ecology with mystical movements and antihuman, because it blames humans for famine, epidemic, poverty, hunger
In Guha’s Radical American Evironmentalism, he doesn’t disagree with the principle but sees ____ of putting deep ecology into practice on a worldwide basis.
“social consequences”
- if you try to implement that philosophical approach worldwide, there will be some problems.
In Guha’s Radical American Evironmentalism, he says if we are imposing our ideas of _____ on developing nations doesn’t make sense, because this would ignore the culture bound nature of our values.
“preservation”
- You are not coming from a developing world. We should put more emphasis in the developed world. Do less consuming.
We can afford to preserve; they often cannot.
In Guha’s Radical American Evironmentalism, the Greater emphasis on temperance, doing with less, will get more for us. American deep-ecologists would do well to focus more efforts here, and on integrating ______. This would be more effective and would serve the ends of social justice, too.
“ecological concerns with those of livelihood and work.”
____ makes connections between domination of nature and domination of women using “logic of domination”.
Ecofeminism
by distinctions between groups, value hierarchy added, subordination of 1 group justified by lack of valued characteristic
How does Ecofeminism note distinctions between forms of feminist thinking?
- Liberal: moral equality
- Marxist: recognition of labor
- Socialist: economic and gender role equality
- Radical: reformulating biology-based values
Both Radical Feminism and Ecofeminism recognize that?
(1) there are differences, but that the masculine isn’t always superior
(2) potential dangers implicit in accepting dualism (M/F)
Both Radical Feminism and Ecofeminism apply the?
ethics of care to the environment (Gilligan, Noddings, Ruddick)
What is the form of protest using civil disobedience?
typically non-violent, you accept responsibility and punishment for your actions
example: you do things that are illegal (you block the streets) but you accept your punishment
What is the form of protest using Ecosabotage?
having the intent of escaping detection and punishment, it is destructive although its aim is to avoid harming humans
example: you do things that are illegal, to draw a lot of attention, disrupt and harm the system
Who founded “of Earth First! organization” and Strategic Monkeywrenching tactics such as ecosabatage and nightwork?
Foreman
