Lecture: Cervical Spine Flashcards by Sonny D

Cervical spine consists of __ joints, which allow for more __ than any other region.
__ being sacrificed for __, making the cervicals more vulnerable to both __ and __ trauma.

37
mobility
stability
mobility
direct & indirect

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surgical scars on the anterior portion of the neck most often indicates previous __ surgery

-thyroid

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irregular pitted scars in the anterior triangle could be previous __ __.

-tuberculous adentis

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facets in cervical spine=

45 degree orientation

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facets in thoracic spine=

60 degree orientation

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facets in lumbar spine=

90 degree orientation

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each pair of vertebrae in the cervical region is connected by a number of articulations:

a pair of zygapophyseal joints
the uncovertebral joints (aka joints of luschka)
the IVD

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cervical curve: __ curve that develops __ when child begins to lift head at __ months.
provides a __ __ mechanism to counteract the weight of the head (how many #’s?)

lordotic
secondary
3-4
shock-absorbant
8-10; 12-14

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increased anterior head carriage=

-increased stress on posteriorly and on cord

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weight of the head is directly above=

-center of gravity (cog)

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in anterior head carriage (forward head translation), if the head is _ inches in front of cog, and estimated __ pounds of weight is produced in structures of the cervical spine

- 30

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hyoid bone location:

-opposite C3 level vertebral body

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thyroid cartilage location:

“adam’s apple”

- level of the C4/C5 vertebral body

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1st cricoid ring location:

-opposite C6 vertebral body

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carotid tubercle location:

-C6 used as an anatomical landmark for anterior surgery

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anterior cervical osteophytes are common __ __ on the front of the spine. most have __ symptoms, but occasionally will make __ difficult.

bony growths
no
swallowing

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C7 is atypical bc?

-it’s not bifid

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(*NB) craniometric point on EOP=

-inion

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the __ facet of the contralateral side moves __-__ and over the tip of the __ articular facet of the involved side

superior
anterior-superior
inferior

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there are __ z-joints from __ to __ vertebra.

these joints are typical __ joints and are covered with __ cartilage.

14
C0-T1
synovial
hyaline

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the uncovertebral joints (aka joints of luscka) extend from __ to __ vertebra, there is usually a total of __ saddle-shaped __ articulations.

C3-T1
10
diarthrodial articulations

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joints of luschka are formed bw the __ __ process found on the __ aspect of the superior surface of the __ vertebra, and the beveled __-__ aspect of the __ vertebra.

uncinate process
lateral
inferior
inferior-lateral
superior

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intervertebral foramina (IVF) serve as the principal routes of __ and __ for the __ systems to and from the __ __.

entry & exit
neurovascular
vertebral canal

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most common area for pathology in cervical spine=

-C5/C6

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uncovertebral osteophytes may compress the __ __ and the cervical cord __.

- nerve root | - posteriorly

the cervicothoracic junction (CTJ) comprises of __ - __ segment and forms the __ __, thru which the __ structures of the __ extremities pass

- C7-T1 - thoracic outlet - neurovascular - upper

ALL: this ligament is __ in the __ c-spine but is __ in the __ c-spine than it is in the thoracic region.

- narrower - upper - wider - lower

PLL: this ligament is __ and considerably __ in the cervical region than in the thoracic and lumbar regions

- broader | - thicker

trapezius is the most __ back muscle, extending from __ to __. innervation for the trapezius comes from the __ __ nerve and fibers from the __ __ of the __ & __ cervical spinal nerves.

- superficial - EOP to T12 - spinal accessory - ventral rami - 3rd & 4th

in a motor vehicle crash (MVA) the __ body moves __, __ remains in place and the __ curve is lost. essentially the head moves __.

- lower - forward - head - cervical - superiorly

in hyperextension the head arcs __ and the __ muscles __.

- posterior - flexor - contract

in hyper flexion the head rebounds __, __ structures __ and __ muscles __.

- anterior - anterior - compress - extensor - stretch

SCM: the __ muscle in the anterior neck. | attached inferiorly by _ heads, at the __ __ & the __. and attaches on the __ __.

- largest - 2 - medial clavicle - manubrium - mastoid processes

torticollis aka? associated w/ injury to the __ muscle on _ side at the time of __, and the muscle's transformation into a __ __ that cannot __ with the growing neck.

- wry neck - SCM - one - birth - fibrous cord - lengthen

motor supply to the SCM is from the: sensory supply is from the: enlarged lymph nodes may indicate __ from the __ tract and can cause __.

- accessory nerve - ventral rami of C2/C3 - infection - respiratory - torticollis

the levator scapulae is the major __ and __ of the __ angle of the scapula.

- stabilizer - elevator - superior

levator scapulae (while scapula is stabilized) produces __ and __ __ of the neck to the __ side. but bilaterally cervical __ is produced.

- rotation - side bending - same - extension

rhomboid minor attaches to the SP's of __ & __. and has a __ association with the c-spine.

- C7 & T1 | - slight

rhomboid major arises from SP's of __ thru __, and is __ during __ head and neck movements.

- T1-T5 - inactive - isolated

Clay Shoveler's Fracture: type of __ avulsion injury. fracture of __ __ at the __.

- hyperflexion - spinous process - base

clay shoveler's is most common at: 2nd most common at: 3rd most common at:

- C7 - C6 - T1

clay shoveler's is considered __, but if the frx extends into the __, there is a greater potential for __ __ injury.

- stable - lamina - spinal cord

scalenes extend __ like ladders. and share a critical relationship with the __ __.

- obliquely | - subclavian artery

scalenes can __ and affect the mobility of the __ __. their __ attachments to the __ and __ ribs, when in spasm will __ the ribs and be implicated in __.

- shorten - cervical spine - distal - 1st & 2nd - elevate - TOS

thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when the __ and __ of the outlet is __ and __. and symptoms may worsen when arm is lifted __ shoulder __.

- size - shape - compressed - narrowed - above - height

thyroid gland location:

-lies anterior in line with C4/C5 vertebra

carotid pulse:

-palpate one side at a time to avoid the carotid reflex

parotid gland location: | if swollen this may indicate:

- covers the angle of the mandible | - mumps

the cervical spine is the only region that has more __ __ than __ levels.

- nerve roots | - vertebral

the 1st cervical disc is bw __ and __, and is named the __ disc.

- C2 & C3 | - C2

the first nerve root exits bw __ and __, and is named __ nerve root

- C0 & C1 | - C1

the last nerve exits bw __ and __, and is named __ nerve root

- C7 & T1 | - C8

structures supplied by the __ __ cervical nerves can cause __ and __ pain.

- upper three - head - neck

mid to lower cervical nerves can refer symptoms to the __, anterior __, upper __ and __ area.

- shoulder - chest - limb - scapular

all of the nerves from the roots, __, divisions, __ and __ innervate the __ extremity.

- trunks - cords - branches - upper

the upper extremity can be affected via the __ __ by a __ __ or a __.

- brachial plexus - disc pathology - space occupying lesion (SOL)

muscle testing (in a neurological exam) will indicate the presence of any __ __ which could affect the __ of the neck and will demonstrate the __ of the __ supply.

- motor weakness - motion - integrity - nerve

Jefferson Fracture: aka? occurs with __ load or vertebral __. highly __, occurs in pts. w/ __ __ & __.

- burst - axial - compression - unstable - down syndrome - RA

most frequent cause of jefferson frx? | may also occur from a __ or falling onto the __ from a __.

- diving into shallow water - MVA - head - height

Hangman's Fracture: fracture of the __ __ of __ and disruption of the __-__ jxn.

- pars interarticularis - C2 - C2-C3

in hangman's frx there will usually be significant __ __ w/ accompanying damage to the __ w/ or w/o damage of the __-__ interspace.

- horizontal translation - PLL - C2-C3

MOI for hangman's frx: __ on the __ forcing the neck into __, producing __ thru the __ of __, know as traumatic __ of __.

- blow - forehead - extension - fractures - pedicles - C2 - spondyloslisthesis - C2

clinical signs and symptoms of serious pathology include:

- unexplained weight loss - night pain - involvement of more than 1 nerve root - expanding pain - weak & painful resisted testing - spasm w/ PROM - T1 palsy

a major contributor to cervicogenic pain is a __ of __ control due to poor __ fxn.

- lack - postural - neuromuscular

50% of flexion + extension occurs b/w:

C0 & C1

50% of rotation occurs b/w:

C1 & C2

``` Kippel-Feil Deformity: hair line? __ segmentation, __ anomalies of at least _ cervical vertebra length of neck? motion? ```

- low & posterior - congenital, fusion, 2 - short - reduced