Lecture - Chapter 3 (P1 for TEST 1) Flashcards
describe Pavlov’s background
- set out to become a priest like his father
- performed poorly in elementary school
- while in seminary, he became fascinated with russian translations of western scientific writings with darwinian overtones
- left the seminary to pursue studies at the uni of st. petersburg in animal physiology and in medecine
What are darwinian overtones?
the process that allows for behaviour to occur (asking about why things happen)
define reflex
natural biological response to some kind of stimulus in the environment
In Pavlov’s book “Conditioned reflexes: an investigation of the physiological activity of the cerebral cortex,” pacloc wanted to know
- how you can have training of reflexes
- was trying to figure out how we behave in the ways we do
even biological reflexes can be _
trained
ex. can still train the eye blink
when dogs naturally drooled when fed, that was an _ reflex in pavlov’s terms
unconditional
when dogs drooled in response to a sight/sound that was associated with food by mere happenstance,a _ has been created
conditional reflex (to a conditional stimulus)
pavlov had formulated abasic psychological principle, _, and discovered _
(one the also applied to human beings)
- discovered an objective way to measure how it worked
Pavlov never trained a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell, what did he intend to do?
was trying to figure out how the internal physiology of an organism functions in connection with environment
- was studying digestive physiology and leaarned that dogs would salivate even when they just see a researcher without food
the iconic bell
would have proven
totally useless to his real
goal, which required
precise control over the_
quality and duration of
stimuli (he most
frequently employed a
metronome, a harmonium, a buzzer and electric shock)
Pavlov’s research originally had to do with how eating excited which secretions?
gastric, salivary, pancreatic
Describe Pavlov’s “sham feeding” method which won him the 1904 nobel prize in physiology or medicine?
- removed a dog’s esophagus and create an opening, a fistula, in the animal’s throat
- no matter how much the dog ate, the food would fall out and never make it to the stomach
- by creating additional fistulas along the digestive system and collecting secretions, he could measure quantity and chemical quality
Pavlov recognized that meaningful changes in physiology could be assessed only _
over time
- kept his dogs alive (did chronic experiments, typically involved surgery)
- animals are under lengthy supervision, they are irreplaceable
pavlov began focusing his research on “psychic secretions.” What are these?
drool produced by anything other than direct exposure to food
in classical conditioning, what used to be aneutral stimulus _
is no longer neutral because a connection is formed
In his research with dogs, pavolv connected tubes with the _. This gives us a measure of _
salivary gland
- production of saliva even before food is placed
- measure of the anticipatory response
Because pavlov could measure the amount of saliva produces, this allowed for
high quality of research to be produced
Pavlov refers to the food as an
unconditional stimulus
the salivation in response to the food is called an
unconditional response
- response that occurs without any learning
What pavlov showed repeatedly is that if a US is paried with another simulus often enough, _
this other stimulus will eventually lead to the response originally associated only with the US (ie. salivation)
If a buzzer is sounded every time food is presented to the dog, eventually the buzzer (called a _) will elicit the response of _ (called a _)
- conditioned stimulus
- elicit response of salivation
- conditioned response
conditioned means
required training to occur
food to salivation (before conditioning) is a _ stimulus to _ response
US>UR
whistle to NO salivation (before conditioning) is a _ stimulus to _ response
neutral stimulus>co conditioned response
