Lecture Concepts Flashcards by Nicole Marie

Parietal means

Wall

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Purpose of serosas?

Serous membrane that produce a serous fluid that prevent frictions and adherences among organs (viscera) or organs with cavity walls

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Four components of serosas

parietal serous layer, serous fluid, visceral serous layer, pleura

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If sack around heart pinned from bottom up, what layer is pinned first?

Parietal serous pericardium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

If sack around heart pinned from top up, what layer is pinned first?

Fibrous pericardium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vessel is contained in paraconal groove?

Great coronary vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vessel is contained in coronary groove?

Circumflex branch of left coronary artery

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What vessel is contained in subsinuosal groove?

Middle cardiac (coronary) vein

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What connects lungs to mediastinum?

Pulmonary ligaments (only caudal lungs)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the dog the tunica muscularis of the esophagus is composed of

Entirely skeletal muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In the dog the tunica muscularis of the esophagus is composed of

Skeletal to smooth muscle (smooth muscle predominant in caudal portion)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Left lateral view, suspect diverticulum, how to check?

Make sure that the order is pulmonary trunk > aorta > esophagus, esophagus should be right + behind aorta

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Right lateral view, suspect diverticulum, how to check?

Caudal + cranial vena cava > Aorta > Esophagus

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Coronary artery gives rise to

Right and left coronary arteries

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Coronary arteries responsibility

Supply oxygen rich blood to heart

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Only what side of azygos vein develops in the dog and cat?

Right

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aortic arch location

Where aorta bends caudally

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Aortic arch branches

Brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Brachiocephalic trunk branches

Continues into left and right common carotid arteries and right subclavian

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Left common carotid artery runs

Branch of brachiocephalic trunk, runs into neck on respective side

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Right common carotid artery runs

Branch of brachiocephalic trunk, runs into neck on respective side

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Right subclavian a goes to

Right thoracic limb

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Left subclavian or brachiocephalic, which is more dorsal?

Left subclavian

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Vertebral a supplies

Veterbra, hypaxial/epaxial m, spine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Costocervical trunk supplies

First 3 intercostal spaces

Superficial cervical a supplies

Muscles and structures most superficial in neck

Axillary a. supplies

Thoracic limb (mama <3)

Internal thoracic a. supplies

Intercostal spaces ventrally

List the names of the arteries branching off of the left subclavian

Vertebral a Costocervical trunk Superficial cervical a Axillary a Internal thoracic a

What branches off of ascending aorta?

Coronary arteries

What branches off of descending aorta in thoracic cavity?

Bronchoesophageal Dorsal intercostal

Dorsal intercostal aa., which rise from costocervical trunk?

1-3

Dorsal intercostal aa., which rise from descending aorta?

4-13

Ventral intercostal aa. arise from what?

Internal thoracic a.

Dorsal and ventral intercostal arteries do what

Anatamose

Thoracic duct carries lymph from

Cisterna chyli

Thoracic duct carries lymph from cisterna chyli to the

Venous system cranial to the heart

The thoracic duct usually drains into

Jugular vein, cranial vena cava, or left brachiocephalic vein

Thoracic duct runs with

Aorta and azygos v.

What does the mediastinum contain?

Heart, trachea, esophagus, lymph nodes, thymus, vessels, nerves

Plica vena cava

Thin, loose fold of pleura that surrounds the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve

What sits in the space (mediastinal recess) formed by the plica vena cava and mediastinum?

Middle lobe of right lung

Chordae tendinae

Fibromuscular cords that attach cusps to papillary muscles

Papillary muscles

Conical muscular projections in the ventricles (usually 3 main muscles), give rise to chordae tendinae

Caudal lobe of right lung is close to

Accessory lobe

Cranial lobe of right lung is close to

Middle lobe

When in doubt I think that caudal lobe is

Bigger and/or pointier

Right side of lung has how many lobar bronchi

Left side of lung has how many lobar bronchi

Functional divisions of nervous system

Somatic nervous system and autonomic nervous system

Anatomical divisions of nervous

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

What make up the central nervous system?

Encephalon and spinal cord

What makes up peripheral nervous system?

Cranial nerves (12 pairs) Spinal nerves (36 pairs) Nerves and trunks of autonomic nervous system

Somatic nervous system is...

Voluntary

Autonomic nervous system is..

Involuntary Smooth m, heart, glands

What are nuclear cortex?

Very specific somas of CNS

What are a group of CNS somas called?

Grey matter

In the CNS, somas are located

Peripheral external layer in encephalon only

Axons in the CNS are called

White matter

The kind of fibers in CNS axons are

Association Projection Commissural

Somas and axons of the CNS are called

Reticular formation

Net of nuclei and axons in encephalon and spinal cord are called

Reticular formation

What are PNS somas called?

Ganglion

Ganglion of PNS may or may not have

Synapses outside of spinal cord

There are no nerves in the

Encephalon

Names of axons in PNS

*Nerve, root, trunk, branch

Is there a reticular formation of PNS?

The cells in the borders of the neural groove form the

Neural crests

The cells of neural crests will form most of the

Peripheral nervous system (ganglia and spinal nerves)

Cranial end between spinal cord and brainstem (Cranial limit)

Pyramidal decussation

Caudal end of spinal cord name and location

Medullary cone; Between L6 and L7

The thoracic region of the spinal cord is ; because

Very narrow, not many nerves needed

Intumescence meaning

Expanded area of spinal cord; segments that give origin to the nerves supplying the thoracic and pelvic limbs

Cervical intumescence location and innervation

C6-T2 - Thoracic limb innervation

Lumbar intumescence location and innervation

L4-S3 - Pelvic limbs and pelvic viscera innervation

Pseudounipolar neurons

Only one direction

Which neuron is pseudounipolar?

Afferent / sensory

Which part of the afferent/sensory neuron is pseudounipolar?

Spinal ganglion

Spinal nerves long or short?

Short

What communicates spinal nerve with sympathetic trunk?

Communicating branch

What connects nerves?

Communicating branch

What is an anastomosis?

Connects tubular organs

Spinal nerves will have communicating branches only where

Thoracic and lumbar?

What does meningeal branch do

Innervates meninges (dura mater, pia mater, arachnoid)

Dorsal root ganglion is also known as a

Spinal ganglion

Dorsal branch divided into

Dorsal rootlets and ventral rootlets