Lecture Content

Question 1

What are some examples of health care challenges?

Answer 1

Ageing population
Co-morbidities
Chronic shortage of health professionals

Question 2

What is EBP?

Answer 2

Using current up-to-date knowledge/evidence to inform clinical decision-making

Question 3

What are the 5 As in EBP?

Answer 3

1.Asess the patient
2.Ask answerable question
3.Acquire evidence
4.Appraise evidence
5.Apply evidence

Question 4

What is quantitative research?

Answer 4

A paradigm of primary research hat has a measurement-focus

Question 5

What is qualitative research?

Answer 5

A paradigm of primary research that describes something in depth

Question 6

Similarities between quantitative and qualitative research?

Answer 6

Both seek to answer questions
Both have set methods
Both require participants
Both collect data

Question 7

Differences between quantitative and qualitative research?

Answer 7

Quantitative:
Determine cause and effect
Tests theory
Controlled variables
Qualitative:
Describe a phenomena
Generates a theory
No variables

Question 8

What are the four key components of EBP?

Answer 8

Clinical Expertise
Research Evidence
Information from Practice Context
Patient Values, Circumstances

Question 9

What is a background question?

Answer 9

Any question that acquire general knowledge about a condition to gain better understanding of it

Question 10

What is a foreground question?

Answer 10

Any question that acquires specific knowledge to inform clinical decision-making

Question 11

What frameworks can we use to form a foreground question?

Answer 11

PICO
PECOT
PICo
PCC

Question 12

What does PICO framework suggest?

Answer 12

P:Patient/Population
I:Intervention
C:Comparison Intervention
O:Outcomes
Helpful for intervention

Question 13

What does PECOT framework suggest?

Answer 13

P:Patient/Population
E:Exposure
C:Comparison Intervention
O:Outcome
T:Time Frame
Helpful for intervention, risk and diagnosis

Question 14

What does PICo framework suggest?

Answer 14

P:Patient/Population
I:Interest
Co: Context
Helpful for different perspectives

Question 15

What does PCC framework suggest?

Answer 15

P:Patient/Population
C:Concept
C:Context
Helpful for mapping the literature for emerging topic

Question 16

You should trust interwebs?

Answer 16

False

Question 17

You should trust library catalogue?

Answer 17

False

Question 18

When do we use OR for searching?

Answer 18

Synonyms or alternative keywords

Question 19

When do we use AND for searching?

Answer 19

Link different concepts

Question 20

When do we use truncation symbols for searching

Answer 20

Substitute for letters at end of word

Question 21

When do we use limits for searching

Answer 21

Funneling your search to what you want specifically

Question 22

Common examples of limits?

Answer 22

Humans
Language
Year of Publication
Type of Publication
DO NOT limit to full text

Question 23

What is academic literature?

Answer 23

Research that is published in peer-reviewed journals

Question 24

What is grey literature?

Answer 24

Research that is sourced from other resources e.g government, business and industries

Question 25

What are descriptive studies?

Answer 25

Describing a new phenomena at the start of a research process

Question 26

List examples of descriptive studies

Answer 26

Case report Case series Survey

Question 27

What are observational studies?

Answer 27

Observe data that is collected about participants but no active intervention involved

Question 28

List examples of observational studies

Answer 28

Cross sectional Case-control Longitudinal cohort

Question 29

Pros of cross-sectional study?

Answer 29

Fast/Inexpensive No loss to follow up Associations can be studied Establish prevalence of disease

Question 30

Cons of cross-sectional study?

Answer 30

Cannot establish causality Cannot study rare outcomes

Question 31

Pros of case-control study?

Answer 31

Determine strength of association between exposure and outcome Study rare outcomes Inexpensive/Efficient

Question 32

Cons of case-control study?

Answer 32

Cannot establish causality

Question 33

Pros of longitudinal cohort study?

Answer 33

Understand the exposure was present before outcome Determine incidence of disease

Question 34

Cons of longitudinal cohort study?

Answer 34

Expensive/Inefficient Loss to follow up Require long follow-up period

Question 35

What are experimental studies?

Answer 35

Active intervention involved

Question 36

List examples of experimental studies

Answer 36

Clinical trials Pre-post Quasi-experimental

Question 37

What is pre-post study?

Answer 37

Compare pre-post data to establish response to intervention

Question 38

What is quasi-experimental study?

Answer 38

Performance of different subject groups compared over different time periods

Question 39

What is controlled clinical trial study?

Answer 39

Comparing improvement in intervention group compared to control group

Question 40

What is randomized controlled trial study?

Answer 40

Randomly allocate people to treatment and control group to establish causality on an individual level

Question 41

What is cluster RCT study?

Answer 41

Randomly allocate people to treatment and control group to establish causality on an group level