Lecture: D&T 4: Rhino, HCoV, Adeno, Orthomyxo

Question 1

What is the Major cell receptor for RV-A & B? (RV= Rhinovirus group A or B)

Answer 1

ICAM-1

Question 2

What is the Minor cell receptor for RV-A & B? (RV= Rhinovirus)

Answer 2

(minor = LDL-receptor)

Question 3

What is the cell receptor for RV-C? (RV= Rhinovirus)

Answer 3

Cadherin related family member 3 (CDHR3)

Question 4

What is unique about RV replication/transmission among the Picornaviruses? and why?

Answer 4

It does not spread fecally/orally

becuase it is acid labile and can’t replicate in the GI tract

Question 5

What is unique about RV infection properties among picorna?

Answer 5

It is a local infection with short incubation time

Question 6

What is RV incubation time

Answer 6

1-2 days

Question 7

What temp does RV grow

Answer 7

33

Question 8

When are the Seasonal peak for RV infections? (2)

Answer 8

Sept/Oct, Arpil/May

Question 9

Majority of summer URTIs are czed by what virus

Answer 9

RV

Question 10

URTI with RV: what population gets the most and which gets fewest infections?

Answer 10

children- most

adults- fewest

Question 11

What happens to cells RV infects? HCoV?

Answer 11

RV = no cell death
HCoV = cell death

Question 12

What do RV c infected cells release/ do?

Answer 12

release inflammatory cytokines that recurit neutrophils and Bradykinin –> sore throat

Question 13

What causes Rhinorrhea?

Answer 13

Increase in vascular permeability-serum leaks into nasal mucosa –> rhinorrhea

Question 14

What cuases increased mucus secretion in RV infx?

Answer 14

parasympathetic activation of the seromucous glands will increase mucus secretion

Question 15

What causes mucus change in color

Answer 15

myeloperoxidase enzyme from neutrophils has iron cofactor (does not matter if viral or bacterial)

Question 16

4 complications of URTI with RV

Answer 16

a. Sinus blockage-80%
b. ~5% get bacterial sinusitis
c. Pressure in middle ear (75%)
d. Acute bacterial otitis media in 1/3 children

Question 17

2 treatments for RV URTI

Answer 17

a. Vasoconstriction via Alpha-adrenergic agonists

Anticholinergics (activity seen in 1st-Gen antihistamines, NOT 2nd Gen)

Question 18

What are the implications of wheezing w/ rhinovirus infection before age 3

Answer 18

higher chance of developing asthma

Question 19

RV infx causes exacerbations of what two conditioins

Answer 19

asthma and COPD

Question 20

Which virus is 2nd MC cause of common cold

Answer 20

Human Corona Virus

Question 21

When is the peak of HCoV infx

Answer 21

in Winter

Question 22

Where do SARS and MERS replicate

Answer 22

in both the URT and GI tract

Question 23

name the viruses that cause the common cold from most to least commmon (7)

Answer 23

RV, HCoV, Influenza, Adeno, Parainfluenza, Respiratory synctial, Metapneumovirus

Question 24

Which 3 viruses cause Community acquired PNA in kids

Answer 24

RV, Adenovirus, Corona

Question 25

What type of transmission gopes into upper airway? lower?

Answer 25

upper- large droplet (sneezing, coughing: 3-6 feet) | Lower- Aoerosols (sneezing, coughing, breathing)

Question 26

Major transmission vectors of RV? (3)

Answer 26

major = direct contact | also droplet, fomites

Question 27

does alcohol work for RV?

Answer 27

yes

Question 28

What is the genetic material, shape, presence of absence of envelope of adenovirus

Answer 28

linear, ss+DNA, Naked,

Question 29

What 4 epithelial linings does the Adenovirus infect

Answer 29

Epithelium of the: a. Respiratory tract b. Intestine c. Eye d. Urinary tract

Question 30

What 2 ways can Adenovirus be transmitted?

Answer 30

Respiratory, fecal-oral

Question 31

What is the warning for using alpha-adrenergic agonists sprays in RV URTIs?

Answer 31

If you use them for more than 3 days there will be a rebound effect

Question 32

what is the major receptor for Adenovirus

Answer 32

CAR- Coxsackie Adenovirus Receptor

Question 33

What cell type is seen in Adenovirus PNA

Answer 33

“Smudge cell” (occurs bc it is DNA virus and replicates in nucleus!)

Question 34

What adenovirus types infect military recruits (3)

Answer 34

3, 4, 7

Question 35

What adenovirus types cuase common URTIs

Answer 35

1-7

Question 36

What Adenovrirus types cause Gastroenteritis

Answer 36

40, 41

Question 37

What Adenovrirus types cause Epidemic keratoconjuctivitis in adults and kids (3)

Answer 37

8, 19, 37

Question 38

What Adenovirus types cuase Pharyngoconjunctival fever (2)

Answer 38

3,7

Question 39

What Adenovirus types cuase Hemorrhagic cystitis

Answer 39

7, 11, 21

Question 40

what is in the Adenovirus vaccine given to the military (virus type,

Answer 40

Vaccine is a live adenovirus 4 and 7

Question 41

how does the Adenovirus vaccine work?

Answer 41

Gelatin coated--> GI tract --> replicates without symptoms --> protective immunity (some cross reactivity with other strains

Question 42

What are the 2 eye infections caused by adenovirus, type of adenovirus (#) if the infections have complications and ease of spread.

Answer 42

Pharyngoconjunctival Fever (3,7) = swimmingpool conjuctivitis Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis 8, 19, 37 = ship yard eye

Question 43

What are complications of Pharyngoconjunctival Fever

Answer 43

triad of pharyngitis, conjuctivitis, fever

Question 44

What are complications of Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis

Answer 44

Follicular conjunctivitis--> keratitis (+/- subepithelial infiltrates) -can be painful with blurry vision Also Preauricular lymphadenopathy (in front of the ear), pharyngitis, rhinitis

Question 45

How long does the Epidemic keratoconjunctivitis last

Answer 45

Can take one month to resolve and patient may have corneal opacities that persist for months to years

Question 46

How long does adenovirus last on surfaces

Answer 46

35 days on metal, 49 on plastic

Question 47

what two infections are seen in Adenovirus outside the RT?

Answer 47

Gastroenteritis 40, 41 Hemorrhagic cystitis (7, 11, 21)

Question 48

what virus causes 75% of croup

Answer 48

paramyxo

Question 49

Which viruses cause bronchiolitis (7)

Answer 49

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) , metapneumovirus, influenza, parainfluenza, coronavirus, adenovirus, and rhinovirus