Lecture Five

Question 1

what two concepts are evidence to partial retrieval of related words?

Answer 1

lexical decision task & semantic priming

Question 2

Briefly describe lexical decision task

Answer 2

participants see strong of letter than could be real or fake word, press one button for real, another for fake

Question 3

briefly describe semantic priming

Answer 3

hearing/ reading word partially activates other words, makes recognizing related words later on much easier

Question 4

define facilitation

Answer 4

processes that make it easier for word recognition to be completed

Question 5

define inhibition

Answer 5

processes that result in word recognition becoming more difficult (have to inhibit irrelevant info)

Question 6

define neighbourhood density effect

Answer 6

harder to retrieve word from memory if it bears a strong resemblance to other words

Question 7

Describe spreading activation network

Answer 7

hearing a word activates the mental representation of a word

Question 8

define mediated semantic priming

Answer 8

prime word speds up response to target word due to indirect connections

Question 9

define decay function

Answer 9

rate at which information fades in memory

Question 10

define the length effect

Answer 10

Longer words are recognized more slowly than shorter words

Question 11

define the frequency effect

Answer 11

low frequency words are recognized more slowly than high frequency words

Question 12

what is the age of aquisition effect?

Answer 12

words aquired earlier in life tend to be recognized more easily than ones learned later in life

Question 13

what are homophones?

Answer 13

2+ words that have seperate meanings that sound the same

Question 14

what are homographs?

Answer 14

words that are spelled the same with different meanings

Question 15

what are polysemous words?

Answer 15

words that convey related but different meanings

Question 16

Briefly describe bottom up recognition

Answer 16

sounds-words-semantic features. Both meanings of word are active until more information is aquired

Question 17

briefly describe top down recognition

Answer 17

context generates mire expectation for some meanings than others, by the time word is heard-one meaning is more active than other

Question 18

briefly describe a crossmodal priming task

Answer 18

hear words embedded within full sentences & must respond to test words displayed on computer. involves both spoken & written modalities

Question 19

define cohort competitors

Answer 19

words with overlapping onset

Question 20

briefly describe the cohort model

Answer 20

model of word recongition in which mutiple cohort competitors become active immediately & are gradually winnowed down to a single candiate

Question 21

define uniqueness point

Answer 21

point in which there is enough info to allow listener to differentiate a single word from cohort competitors

Question 22

define the single system connections model

Answer 22

over course of learning connections between sounds & meanings are supplemented

Question 23

which two components are part of the dual route model?

Answer 23

direct & assmebled phonology

Question 24

define the direct route

Answer 24

orthogrpahic symbols are directly connected with meaning of word without involving sound symbol correspondence

Question 25

define assembled phonology route

Answer 25

graphemes are sounded out against their corresponding sounds beginning at left edge of word

Question 26

define graphemes

Answer 26

written symbols analogous to phonemes in spoken language. graphemes may not respond to phonemes.

Question 27

briefly describe alphabetic irregularities

Answer 27

real alphabetic languages map individual symbols onto sounds

Question 28

define morphemes

Answer 28

smallest bundle of sounds that can be related to some systematic meaning

Question 29

what is a logopgrahic writing system

Answer 29

symbols are mapped to units of meaning (chinese)

Question 30

what is a syllabic writing system

Answer 30

characters represent different syllabes (japanese)

Question 31

Define alphabetic inventoryy

Answer 31

collection of orthogrpahic symbols that map onto singke sounds

Question 32

define phonemic awareness

Answer 32

concious recognition of phonemes as distinct units

Question 33

describe incremental language processing

Answer 33

listeners generate general hypothesis about meaning of unfolding speech & revisit these hypotheses on the fly. Eye tracking method

Question 34

describe the TRACE model

Answer 34

makes prediction at odds of cohort model; words who overlap with target word in middle/end and should become activated as well

Question 35

define mondegreens

Answer 35

slips of the ear resulting from error in word segmentation