lecture IX Flashcards
red Indians
-These indigenous people migrated from Eurasia across the Bering Strait during the ace age of about 34000 and 30000 B.C.
- These paleo-Americans, living on hunting and gathering fruits, were divided later into different tribes and distinct cultures.
European civilizations after the exploration(1492)
-Great civilizations flourished there like Inca and the Maya
European settlers
A lot of settlers died because of the diseases they brought with them from Europe, especially smallpox, which spread and developed into different epidemics.
the colonization of the USA
-the Spanish, the Dutch, the French and the British participated in the colonization of the USA focusing on the north through the eastern sea coast.
-By the Eastern sea coasts, the English colonists started their colonies during the seventeenth century besides the Dutch and the Swedish.
the migration in the 17th century
-as the population was increasing in the beginning of the 17th century, migration increased to America and thousands of convicts were sent to the American colonies
In 1622
- angry native Americans slaughtered
hundreds of British settlers in Powhatam.
-As a reaction, King Philip ordered military attacks against the red Indians in New England.
the Puritans and the pilgrims
- In 1630 the puritans settled in New England and established their colony in Massachusetts after the pilgrims had established their own in Plymouth in 1620.
the religions that were practised in the 13 British colonies by 1733
-Christianity, Catholicism, Protestantism, Evangelism, Puritanism, and Judaism.
-Many of these confessions came to America with religious refugees fleeing persecution in their home country.
the colonies economy prospered during the 18th century
-As a result, more people migrated from Britain and other European countries to North America.
-In a similar vein, large plantations were cultivated which necessitated an increase in hand power.
slavery
-Because of labour necessities, the British resorted to slavery and indentured servitude, which brought both African slaves and labouring migrants from Europe.
wars against the French and Indian alliance
-it was between 1754-1763, the colonies united after The Albany Congress where Benjamin Franklin called for unity in his famous slogan “Join or Die”.
King George III and his Royal Proclamation
-After the British took the land from the French territory, King George III issued the Royal Proclamation of 1763 to manage the control of the North American Empire.
the relationship between Britain and American colonies
-Britain developed a relationship of mercantilism with its American colonies since the exploration and the settlements were exploited for the economic benefit of Britain.
-That made the American settlers aware of the British subordination.
taxes
-After the British parliament passed the Stamp Act in 1765 to impose taxes on the colonies, the American settlers were angry and used the famous motto “No Taxation without Representation”.
-Another protest was held by the Americans against a new tax imposed on tea, which led to the Boston Tea Party protests in 1773. This was answered by the British coercive act which denied the right of self-government in Massachusetts.
Continental Congresses
-This ignited resistance in all the 13 colonies and pushed the American leaders to hold the first American Continental Congress which resulted in a boycott of the British.
-However, the British king did not give up.
-Therefore a second continental congress was held in 1775 which led to emphasis on local autonomy and denounced the British tyranny.
