Lecture Midterm Flashcards by Rugger Style

_____ is the fusion of the atlas with the occipital bone

Occipitalization

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Occipitalization is sometimes called “_____” block

most cephalic

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Occipitalization in young children is usually ____

asymptomatic

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Occipitalization in older children/young adults there are symptoms (3)

Headaches, visual and upper extremity issues

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Next clinical protocol to confirm occipitalization is a ____ study

flexion/ext

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______ is the flattening of the sphenoid bone and/or occipital bone

PLATYBASIA

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Platybasia is determined by:
______ Angle
Normal Range: ______
_____ than this represents platybasia

Martin’s Basilar
123˚-152˚
Greater

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______ is the most universally accepted (Mds, courts, deposition) to determine platybasia
The Dens:
Normal: not greater than ____ mm for males
not greater than ____ mm for females

McGregor’s Line
8mm
10mm

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Other tests to determine platybasia
_____ Line
N: Dens not greater than ____ mm _____ the line

_____ Line
N: should see some occipital bone lower than the _____

Chamberlain’s
3, above

MacRae’s
foramen magnum

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______ is sometimes considered this AKA “Basilar Impression” or “Basilar Invagination”

PLATYBASIA

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______ is a small opening due to the failure of fusion of the lamina and has _____ clinical significance

Spina Bifida Occulta, no

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_____ large defect with no protection of the spinal cord

Spina Bifida Vera

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Spina Bifida Vera may allow protrusion of the _____ and/or ______

meninges, spinal cord

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Spina Bifida Vera is thought to be caused by deficiency of _____ in the ____ trimester

folic acid, 1st

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POSTERIOR SPONDYLOSCHISIS is a posterior cleft of the ______ of ______

posterior arch, C-1

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POSTERIOR SPONDYLOSCHISIS is sometimes referred to as “_____of the posterior arch”

non union

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POSTERIOR SPONDYLOSCHISIS is observed by not seeing the _____ line

spinal laminar junction

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______ is described as two or more segments joined together

Blocked vertebrae

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2 Types of Blocked vertebrae:
_____ block: concavity on the ant surface
_____ block: many presentations-intentional

Congenital

Acquired

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With _____, the nucleus pulposus herniates through the vertebral endplate

SCHMORL’S NODE

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Some think that the _____ is the cause of SCHMORL’S NODE, Y&R list it as a ______

trauma, birth defect

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SCHMORL’S NODE features (3)

decreased disc space
most commonly found on the ant/sup surface
Increased A-P body width

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With Schmorl’s node you can get a _____ through the endplate and the entire _____ is depressed

pencil eraser, endplate

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A _____ is a separate piece of bone that articulates with the transverse process of cervical vertebra

cervical rib

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A cervical rib is is present in _____% of the population

0.5%

Differentiate a cervical rib by: (2)

Elongated tp: no joint space | Rudimentary(underdeveloped) thoracic rib(tp points up)

Posterior Ponticus is the calcification of the _____ portion of the ______

oblique, atlanto-occipital ligament

Posterior Ponticus forms a(n) "_____"

arcuate foramen

Posterior Ponticus is seen in _____% of the population

14%

Posterior Ponticus sometimes traps the _____

vertebral artery

Posterior Ponticus cannot be _____

palpated

Posterior Ponticus is not advisable to some types of _____ adjustments

rotary

______ is a segment takes on the appearance of separate triangular portions on the _____ view

Butterfly Vertebrae, A-P

With a Butterfly Vertebrae the endplates of the adjoining segments _____

fill in the gaps

_____ is the migration and herniation of nuclear material through the secondary growth center of the vertebral body

Limbus bone

_____ results in non-union of the secondary growth center

Limbus Bone

Limbus Bone usually happens on the ____ surface of _____

superior/anterior, vertebral body

Limbus Bone will usually will have _____

smooth edges

Limbus Bone can be detected by finding _____, which are jagged edges and located on the inferior/anterior aspect of the vertebral body

evulsion fractures

_____ is spina bifida of the 1st sacral segment with an enlarged spinous process of the last lumbar

Knife Clasp

Knife Clasp is extremely _____

painful

______ is the triangular deformity of the vertebral body

Hemivertebrae

Hemivertebrae is named for which _____ part is still

present, AP

3 Types of Hemivertebrae: named for which part is still present Lateral: seen on _____view Dorsal: seen on _____ view; _____ portion of the vertebral body is complete Ventral: seen on_____ view; _____ portion of the vertebral body is complete

A-P Lateral, back Lateral, front

Causes of Hemivertebrae are _____, always look at the ______

structural scoliosis, apex of the scoliosis

A ______ IS A SEGMENT HAS CHARACTERISTICS OF ANOTHER AREA. THE MOST COMMON AREA IS THE ______

Transitional Segment, LUMBOSACRAL

A Transitional Segment used to be called _____ & _____

lumbarization, sacralization

THE MOST IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTIC OF A TRANSITIONAL SEGMENT IS THAT THE _____ IS DIFFERENT

BIOMECHANICS

_____ or _____ is when parts of the odontoid process has not added on to the body of C2

OS ODONTOIDEUM, OSSICULUM TERMINALE PERSISTENS

Os Odontoideum happens at the _____ of the dens Os Terminale happens at the _____ of the dens Both can be seen in the _____ view

base superior tip APOM

Sella turcica AP _____ avg ____ S-I _____ avg ____

5-16mm, 11 | 4-12mm, 8

Cobb Lippman _____˚ observe for progression _____˚ bracing _____˚ surgical intervention

0-20˚ 20-40˚ >40˚

Cervical Lordosis | Normal Range _____˚ avg ____˚

35-45˚ | 40˚

Thoracic kyphosis angle increases with ____ and in ____

age, females

Lumbar lordosis | Normal Range_____˚ Avg ____˚

50-60˚ | 55˚

Sacral Inclination | Normal Range_____˚ Avg ____˚

30-72˚ | 46˚

Lumbosacral angle | Normal Range_____˚ Avg ____˚

26-57˚ | 41˚

Lumbosacral disc angle Normal Range_____˚ < 10˚ is _____ > 15˚ is _____

10-15˚ disc herniation facet impression

If _____ line crosses it is a spondylolisthesis

Ullman's line

Meyerding Grading 1-4 ______ >4 ______

spondylolisthesis | spondyloptosis

Fergusons weight line should cross the _____ of the sacral base

anterior 1/3

Teardrop distance | Normal Range _____mm avg ____mm

6-11mm | 9mm

Hip Joint Width | Superior and axial lines should be no more than ____mm and should _____ each other. The medial line should _____

4mm, equal | double the amoubt of the superior and axial line

_____ line should form a smooth arc in the femoral neck and obturator foramen area

Shenton's

Femoral Angle Normal Range ______˚ < 120˚ ____ > 130˚ _____

120-130˚ Coxa vara Coxa valga

Iliofemoral line normal should be ______

bilateral symmetry

Skinner's line normal finding should be above or level to the line across the _____

greater trochanter

Klein's line the normal finding is _____-

bilateral symmetry

Lecture Midterm Flashcards

(68 cards)