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NYCC Evidence Based > Lecture MT 1 > Flashcards

Lecture MT 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the pillars of Evidence Based Medicine?

A
  1. Best research evidence
  2. Clinical expertise
  3. Patient values
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2
Q

What are the different types of Primary Headaches?

A
  • Migraine
  • Tension-type headache
  • Cluster headache
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3
Q

What is the most common cause of Migraine with aura?

A

Diet or Environment

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4
Q

What symptoms are associated with a Migraine without Aura?

A
  • Headaches lawyering 4-72 hours
  • Unilateral, pulsating, moderate/severe intensity, aggravated by physical activity
  • Associated symptoms like nausea, vomiting, photophobia, or phonophobia
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5
Q

What nutritional management can be done to help treat migraines with auras?

A
  • B-vitamins, Vitamin D, Magnesium, CoQ10, Carnitine
  • Eliminate foods that are triggers
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6
Q

What is the most common type of primary headache?

A

Tension type headache

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7
Q

What is the most common cause of Tension-type headaches?

A

Emotional stress

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8
Q

What symptoms are associated with Tension-Type Headaches?

A

Bilateral, steady ache/tightness, no nausea and vomiting

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9
Q

What type of headache is characterized as a unilateral, severe periorbital headache with tearing and conjunctival erythema?

A

Cluster headache

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10
Q

What scoring system is used to describe the level of consciousness in a person following a traumatic brain injury?

A

Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)

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11
Q

If a patient has a Glasgow Coma score of 7, how would you classify the injury?

A

Severe coma
(8 or less)

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12
Q

If a patient has a Glasgow Coma score of 11, how would you classify the injury?

A

Moderate coma
(9-12)

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13
Q

If a patient has a Glasgow Coma score of 14, how would you classify the injury?

A

Minor coma
(13+)

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14
Q

What type of headache is usually aggravated by specific neck movements or sustained postures?

A

Cervicogenic headache

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15
Q

What type of headache is characterized by a piercing, throbbing, or electric-shock-like chronic pain in the upper neck, back of the head, and behind the ears, usually on one side of the head?

A

Occipital neuralgia

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16
Q

What is the most common cause of Occipital Neuralgia?

A

Irritation of greater and lesser occipital nerves (C2 and C3)

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17
Q

What population is most commonly affected by Cervical Disc Derangement?

A

18-50

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18
Q

What is the most common location of a Cervical Disc Derangement?

A

C5/C6 or C6/C7

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19
Q

What is the most common etiology of a Cervical Disc Derangement?

A

Gradual micro-traumas to the annulus

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20
Q

What disc herniation is characterized by the base being wider than the herniation and the annular fibers are still intact?

A

Disc Protrusion

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21
Q

What disc herniation is characterized by the base being narrower than the herniation and extends beyond the vertebral endplates?

A

Disc Extrusion

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22
Q

What disc herniation is characterized by a piece of”breaking off” and migrating through the canal?

A

Disc Sequestration

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23
Q

What advanced testing can be used to diagnosis a Cervical Disc Derangement?

A

CT or MRI

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24
Q

What are the possible medical management options for a Cervical disc derangement?

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A

NSAIDs, Corticosteroids, Nerve block, or surgery

25
What are the possible chiropractic management options for a patient with a Cervical Disc Derangement?
Pain relief modalities, soft tissue, traction, F&D, McKenzie, Diversified adjustment, Taping, Rehab
26
What condition is characterized as nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region?
Cervical Radiculopathy
27
What are some of the common symptoms of a Cervical Radiculopathy?
- Pain, numbness/tingling into the arms and hand - Weakness in the upper extremity - Stiff neck
28
What are some of the causes of Cervical Radiculopathy?
Disc herniation, IVF encroachment, generalized inflammation
29
What advanced testing can be used to help diagnose Cervical Radiculopathy?
X-ray, MRI, EMG
30
What condition is characterized as compression of the cervical spinal cord?
Cervical Myelopathy
31
What are some of the possible causes of Cervical Myelopathy?
- Posterior protruding disc - OPLL - Degenerative changes - Spinal stenosis
32
What are some of the common signs and symptoms of a Cervical Myelopathy?
- Muscle weakness in the upper and lower extremity - Gait disturbances - Bowel/bladder disturbances - Neck pain or stiffness - Hyperreflexia below the level of compression - Sensory changes - Atrophy of the hand musculature
33
What is the best advanced imaging test to evaluate changes to the spinal cord?
MRI
34
What are some medical management options for a patient with a Cervical Myelopathy?
- Anti-inflammatory medication - Cervical mobilization - Epidural injections - Surgery (laminectomy or fusion)
35
True or False: Chiropractors are able to treat Cervical Myelopathy as the sole provider?
false
36
What are some of the treatment options a chiropractor can do to treat a patient with a Cervical Myelopathy?
- Gentle mobilization and traction - Rehab exercises for the extremities - Soft tissue work - Taping to help with posture - HVLA IS CONTRAINDICATION
37
What are some of the most common etiologies of Facet Syndrome?
- Secondary to degeneration - Secondary to trauma - Secondary to inflammatory condition
38
What symptoms are most commonly associated with Facet Syndrome?
- Axial neck pain especially with extension and rotation - Tenderness upon palpation - Dull achy pain - Pain referral to the shoulder or mid back region
39
What pain referral pattern is seen with a C2-C3 facet joint issue?
Posterior upper cervical region and head
40
What pain referral pattern is seen with a C3-C4 facet joint issue?
Posterolateral cervical region without going into the head or shoulder
41
What pain referral pattern is seen with a C4-C5 facet joint issue?
Posterolateral middle and lower cervical region and into the top of the shoulder
42
What pain referral pattern is seen with a C5-C6 facet joint issue?
Posterolateral lower cervical spine, the top and lateral parts of the shoulder, and causally to the spine of the scapula
43
What pain referral pattern is seen with a C6-C7 facet joint issue?
Top and lateral parts of the shoulder and extends causally to the inferior border of the scapula
44
What movements are most often provocative in a patient with Facet Syndrome?
Extension and rotation
45
What is considered the gold standard approach to diagnose facet joint pain?
Diagnostic medial branch blocks
46
What are some of the medical management options for a patient with Facet Syndrome?
- NSAIDs, muscle relaxants, corticosteroid injections, medial branch nerve block - Referral to PT or chiro
47
What are some of the chiropractic management options for a patient with Facet Syndrome?
- IFC or TENs - Shockwave therapy - Laser - Mobilization or manipulation - Rehab exercises - Taping
48
What condition is characterized by a cervical muscle and ligament sprain or strain as a result of a sudden movement forward and backward of the head and neck?
Whiplash
49
What is the most common cause of a Whiplash injury?
Low-velocity rear-end collision
50
How would grade a patient on the WAD Classification System if they have no neck pain complaints and no physical signs?
Grade 0
51
How would you grade a patient on the WAD Classification System if they report neck pain, stiffness, or tenderness, but have no physical signs?
Grade 1
52
How would you grade a patient on the WAD Classification System if they report neck complaints accompanied by decreased range of motion and point tenderness?
Grade 2
53
How would you grade a patient on the WAD Classification System if they report neck complaints accompanied by neurological signs?
Grade 3
54
How would you grade a patient on the WAD Classification System if the neck complaints are accompanied by a fracture or dislocation?
Grade 4
55
How would you describe a Type 1 Instability?
Simple rotatory displacement with an intact transverse ligament
56
How would you describe a Type 2 Instability?
Anterior displacement of C1 on C2 3-5mm with one lateral mass serving a pivot point and a deficiency of the transverse ligament
57
How would you describe a Type 3 Instability?
Anterior displacement of C1 on C2 exceeding 5mm
58
How would you describe a Type 4 Instability
Posterior displacement of C1 on C2
59
What classifications of Instability are highly unstable and emergency treatment is necessary?
Type 3 and 4

NYCC Evidence Based (1 decks)

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