Lecture Non- Vertebrate Deuterostome

Question 1

What is a deuterostome? (3 traits)

Answer 1

Radial cleavage, blastopore develops into anus, enterocoelic coelom development

Question 2

Non-Chordate Deuterostome phyla

Answer 2

Echinodermata, hemichordata

Question 3

Echinodermata traits (6)

Answer 3

means spiny skin, are all marine animals, most reproduce sexaully via external fetrilization, most can regenerate damaged body parts, can exhibit indirect or direct development, nerve net like nevrous system without a brain

Question 4

Synapomorphies of echinodermata (3)

Answer 4

Pentaradial symmetry in adults, endoskeleton of calcium carbonate excreted by epidermis in development, a water vascular system with tube feet

Question 5

Radial symmetry in adult echinoderms

Answer 5

Adults have pentaradial symmetry, larve are bilaterally symmetric

Question 6

The water vascular system in echinoderms (2 traits)

Answer 6

Branching fluid filled tubes and chambers forming hydrostatic skeleton with tube feet, muscle contraction pushes fluid into tube feet causing them to move

Question 7

Key lineages of echinodermata (5)

Answer 7

Crinoidea, asteroidea, ophiuroidea, echinoidea, holothuroidea

Question 8

Crinoidea (lineage of echinodermata) traits (4)

Answer 8

includes feather stars and sea lilies, btw 5-200 arms, suspension feeders, sea lilies are sessile and father stars can swim

Question 9

Asteroidea (lineage of echinodermata) traits (5)

Answer 9

sea stars, btw 5-20 arms, predators or scavengers, evert stomach to feed, use tube feet to move

Question 10

Ophiuroidea (lineage of echinodermata) traits (4)

Answer 10

Brittle stars and basket stars, btw 5-7 arms, predators and scavengers and deposit feeders and suspension feeders, crawl with their arms

Question 11

Echinoidea (lineage of echinodermata) traits (4)

Answer 11

Sea urchins and sand dollars, sea urchins graze, sand dollars are deposit feeders, sea urchins crawl with spines and tube feet, sand dollars burrow using tube feet

Question 12

Holothuroidea (lineage of echinodermata) traits (4)

Answer 12

Sea cucumbers, soft bodied and elongate, suspension feeders or deposit feeders, some reproduce asexually

Question 13

Hemichordata traits (7)

Answer 13

Indirect and direct developers, most reproduce sexually, external fertilization, asexual reproduction by fragmentation or budding in some, nerve net/no brain, dorsal and ventral solid nerve chords, pharyngeal slits

Question 14

What is a chordate? (3 traits)

Answer 14

has chordate body plan, most invertebrate chordates reproduce sexually via external fertilization, all invertebrate chordates live in marine environments

Question 15

Chordate body plan (5 traits)

Answer 15

Found during development and in some adults, is pharyngeal slits, dorsal hollow nerve cord (CNS), Notochord, post anal tail.

Question 16

The three chordate subphyla

Answer 16

Invertebrate chordates: Cephalochordates, Urochordates

Vertebrates

Question 17

Cephalochordata (6 traits)

Answer 17

An invertebrate chordate, lancelets/amphioxus, swim, adults burrow in sand, filter feeder, notochord stiffens the body in adults

Question 18

Urochordata (5 traits)

Answer 18

An invertebrate chordate, called tunicates, larvae exhibit all chordate body plan characteristics, notochord as well as dorsal hollow nerve cord and tail are lost in adults of some species, adults use pharyngeal slits for filter feeding

Question 19

Urochordata lineages (3)

Answer 19

Ascidiacea, thaliacea, larvacea

Question 20

Ascidiacea (lineage of urochordata) traits (5)

Answer 20

Called sea squirts, adults are sessile, filter feed with pharyngeal slits, some form long chains via asexual budding, adults lack most chordate body plan characteristics

Question 21

Thaliacea (lineage of urochordata) traits (4)

Answer 21

Mobile pelagic adults, adults have all chordate body plan characteristics, swim via ciliary action or jet propulsion using muscular siphons, some form long chains via asexual budding

Question 22

Larvacea 4 traits (lineage of urochordata)

Answer 22

Adults are motile pelagic animals, adults all have chordate body plan characteristics, they secrete gelatinous “houses” around themselves, they trap food particles in mucous in their “house”