lecture notes

Question 1

Rationalism

Answer 1

philosophical standpoint that recognizes reason as the only reliable source of human knowledge

Question 2

Priori knowledge

Answer 2

knowledge before experience

Question 3

Empiricism

Answer 3

knowledge comes from experience and observation and formation of associations

Question 4

Structuralism

Answer 4

systematic understanding of the structure of the mind by identifying the basic building blocks to explain how they give rise to complex cognitive processes

Question 5

introspection

Answer 5

observation of one’s own consciousness

Question 6

Wilhelm Wundt

Answer 6

Notable structuralist

Question 7

Functionalism

Answer 7

Mind is a functional adaptive tool conceptualized to help us adapt to our envirionment. we have a system of mental processes to help us solve porblems

Question 8

Behaviorism

Answer 8

psychology can be objectively studied through observation of behavior

Question 9

Classical conditioning

Answer 9

Association of an involuntary response to a stimulus

Question 10

Operant conditioning is a

Answer 10

association of a voluntary behavior with a consequence (reward or punishment)

Question 11

Hick’s law

Answer 11

the more information there is to process, the more time it takes to produce a response

Question 11

Cognitive revolution

Answer 11

1950s movement proposing the mind is a computational system (motivated by rejection of behaviorism)

Question 12

Choice overload bias

Answer 12

High number or uncertainty of choices taxes information processes

Question 13

Decision fatigue

Answer 13

State of mental exhaustion that occurs when someone has to take too many decisions

Question 14

Ecological validity

Answer 14

extent to which experiemtn subjects perceptions and responses can be generalized to real-life settings

Question 15

Construct validity

Answer 15

how well a test or measurement method measures the concept it was designed to evaluate

Question 16

Internal validity

Question 17

Interactionism

Answer 17

mind and body interact to induce events in each other

Question 18

epiphenomenalism

Answer 18

mental thoughts are caused by physical events

Question 19

Behavior measurements

Answer 19

Behavioral experiments measure voluntary response, psychophysiological measures involuntary response

Question 20

behavioral neuroscience

Answer 20

animal models for human behavior predictions

Question 21

cognitive neuroscience

Answer 21

neuroimaging tools (eeg, fmri)

Question 22

Structural mri

Answer 22

anatomical structure images

Question 23

functional mri

Answer 23

images of metabolic activity

Question 24

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Answer 24

used to activate or deactivate parts of the brain. treats depression

Question 25

mcgurk effect

Answer 25

visual input is dominant over auditory input if you are trying to determine what exactly you heard

Question 26

optic chiasm

Answer 26

where visual info crosses from one hemisphere to another