Lecture - Plant and Family Details List Flashcards

Question

Iteaceae

Answer 1

2 Genera 18 Species Trees to shrubs Pith chambered Leaves alternate, spirally arranged Leaves evergreen or deciduous Leaf margins serrate, sometimes with glands at the tips of the teeth Stipules small, on leaf base or adjacent stem With superposed axillary buds Inflorescence: spikes, racemes or panicles in leaf axils Flowers small, sepals and petals in fives Sepals and petals fused to form a hypanthium Fruit a capsule

Answer 2

Virginia sweetspire Iteaceae Form: Shrub Height: 3’ – 5’ Spread: 5’ – 10’ Spacing: 5’ – 10’ Zones: 5 – 9 Flower Color: White, fragrant June - July Fruit Color: n.s. brown capsule Fall Color: yellow, to orange, to scarlet, to purple Uses: Shrub borders. Foundation plants. Naturalizing in moist areas Culture: Full sun to full shade. Prefers moist, fertile soils. Tolerates wet or dry soils. Prefers acidic to neutral soils. Very easy to propagate from cuttings Limitations: No serious pests or diseases. Not tolerant of extensive drought until it is well established. Can spread beyond intended area if soils are very moist.

Answer 3

Fall Color: deep red purple, lasts longer than for species Flowers showier More cold tolerant (to Zone 3)

Answer 4

27 Genera 82 species Trees and shrubs. Stellate or tufted hairs. Leaves mostly alternate, simple. Leaves often with entire margins at the base, toothed above. Strongly stipulate leaves. Smallish flowers often in dense clusters. Petals often strap shaped. Ovary at least partly inferior. Fruit a capsule or aggregate of capsules. Seeds often with ballistic dispersal.

Answer 5

sweetgum Hamamelidaceae (now Altingiaceae) Form: Tree Height: 50’ – 70’ (100+) Spread: 25’ – 40’ Spacing: 25’ – 40’ Zones: 5 – 9 Flower Color: n.s April - May Fruit Color: green in summer, brown in fall Fall Color: Scarlet, yellow, orange Uses: Shade tree, Avenue tree, Specimen Windbreaks Culture: Full sun to partial shade. Soils ≤ pH 7. Prefers moist soils but widely adaptable to a variety of conditions once established. Moderately drought resistant Limitations: Fruits drop endlessly with high viability. Aggressive, shallow root system lifts sidewalks and curbs. Extremely sensitive to construction activities. No serious pests or diseases. Difficult to transplant when large

Answer 6

*Liquidambar styraciflua* ‘Burgundy’ burgundy sweetgum Wine-red color in fall and on new leaves. Leaves may persist into winter *Liquidambar styraciflua* ‘Festival’ festival sweetgum More conical, narrow and upright than the species. Less cold hardy (7 – 9). *Liquidambar styraciflua* ‘Rotundiloba’ rotund sweetgum Rounded lobe tips. Fruitless. Yellow to orange fall color some years, burgundy others; narrow pyramidal form. Not reliably hardy in Zone 5. Original tree discovered in the wild in North Carolina in 1930

Answer 7

dwarf fothergilla Hamamelidaceae Form: Shrub Height: 3’ – 5’ Spread: 6’ Spacing: 4’ – 5’ Zones: (4)5 – 8(9) Flower Color: White, fragrant; stamens showy Late March – early April Fruit Color: n.s. Fall Color: Yellow to Orange to Red Uses: Shrub border, Foundation plants, Mass plantings, Naturalized settings Culture: Grows in full sun to shade. Needs full sun to develop fall color. Prefers moist soils but will not tolerate standing water. Does best in acidic soils Limitations: Relatively trouble free. Drought stress in hot dry situations, avoid windy sites

Answer 8

common witchhazel Hamamelidaceae Form: Small Tree Height: 7’ – 10’ Spread: 15’ – 20’ (30’) Spacing: 8’ – 15’ Zones: 3b – 8(9) Flower Color: Yellow, fragrant, Oct. – Dec. Fruit Color: n.s. Fall Color: light yellow Uses: Patio Tree, Screen, Border Culture: Performs well in shade. Full sun for best fall color and bloom. Great variation in adaptability. Not very tolerant of high pH Limitations: No serious pest or diseases. Does not tolerate extremely dry conditions

Answer 9

14 genera, 850 species Mostly vines. Leaves alternate. Leaves with palmately compound, lobed, or veined blades. Leaves with stipules that fall early. Commonly with tendrils or inflorescences opposite the leaves. Stems often with lots of lenticels. Inflorescence a cyme and small flowers. Fruit a berry.

Answer 10

porcelain berry Vitaceae Form: Vine Height: 25’+ Spread: 25’+ Spacing: 0 Zones: 4 – 8 Flowers: n.s., greenish-white Fruit Color: yellow to lilac to bright blue Fall Color: n.s. Uses: None recommended. In the past used for showy berries. Climbing over trellises and fences Culture: Best in full sun to partial shade. Transplants readily. Needs support. Extremely fast growing. Tolerates dry soils Limitations Invasive habits but no legal invasive status in MD. Covers other species

Answer 11

Variegated leaves when grown in the sun. More deeply lobed leaves. More compact growth habit. Slightly less aggressive than the species.

Answer 12

Virginia creeper Vitaceae Form: Vine Height: 30’ – 50’ Spread: 30’ – 50’ Spacing: 30’ – 50’ Zones: 4 – 9 Flowers: n.s., greenish-white Fruit Color: Purple violet, Sept. – Oct. Fall Color: Brilliant red Uses: Climbing over walls, fences and trellises Culture: Grows in full sun to full shade. Tolerant of the most trying conditions. Will grow at the seashore Limitations: Not strong enough for use on buildings. Can easily get away from you and considered a weed by many. Susceptible to leaf spot. Susceptible to canker

Answer 13

Boston ivy Vitaceae Form: Vine Height: 40’ – 60’+ Spread: 30’+ Spacing: 10’ – 30’ Zones: 4 – 8 Flowers: n.s. Fruit Color: Bluish black berries in fall Fall Color: Dark red Uses: Wall covering - holds well on buildings Climate control in buildings Culture: Grows in full sun to full shade. Tolerant of trying conditions. Tolerant of salt Liabilities: Can become invasive. Susceptible to Japanese beetle. Tendrils and adhesive discs hard to remove from buildings. Not good on trellises or fences

Answer 14

31 genera, 620 species Corolla is often crumpled in bud – petals are “crinkly”. Petals “clawed”. Often 10+ stamens of unequal length. Calyx is thick and ribbed. Fruit a dry capsule. Opposite to sub-opposite leaves. Often with exfoliating bark.

Answer 15

Fauriei crapemyrtle Lythraceae Form: Shrub to Tree Height: 20’ – 25’ Spread: 15’ – 20’ Spacing: 15’ Zone: (6)7 – 9 Flower Color: white (not exceptional) - Summer Fruit Color: n.s. Fall Color: Red Uses: Specimen, Accent, Patio tree. Spectacular exfoliating bark Culture: Best in full sun. Prefers well drained soils. Resistant to powdery mildew Limitations: Flowers not exceptional. Non-recurrent flowering

Answer 16

crapemyrtle Lythraceae Form: Shrub to Tree Height: 15’ – 20’ Spread: 15’ – 20’ Spacing: 10’ – 20’ Zone: 7 – 9 Flower Color: profuse bloom; white, pink, red - August - frost Fruit Color: n.s. Fall Color: Yellow – orange – red Bark: Tan Uses: Specimen, Accent, Patio tree. Recurrent flowering: profuse and prolonged summer bloom Culture: Full sun. Prefers acidic soil. Best in loamy, moist well-drained soils. Blooms on new growth. No insect problems. Transplant in spring Limitations: Susceptible to powdery mildew. Can be cold damaged in Zone 6

Answer 17

Remove flowering stalks after bloom to encourage second blooming Prune vegetative stalks in spring or summer (before August) to ensure winter hardiness Remove all but 3-4 main stems

Answer 18

Breeding began at the National Arboretum in 1962 to increase disease resistance within *Lagerstroemia indica*. A few examples…. Lagerstroemia indica 'Catawba' Lagerstroemia indica 'Cherokee' Lagerstroemia indica 'Conestoga' Lagerstroemia indica 'Powhatan' Lagerstroemia indica 'Potomac' Lagerstroemia indica 'Seminole'

Answer 19

Lagerstroemia indica * Pro: Recurrent blooming * Con: Powdery mildew Lagerstroemia fauriei * Pro: No powdery mildew * Con: No recurrent bloom Hybrids: * Resistant to powdery mildew * Different size groups * New bark colors * Recurrent bloom * Potentially increased hardiness

Answer 20

Lagerstroemia fauriei arrived in the U.S. in the 1950s. Lagerstroemia indica × Lagerstroemia fauriei Lagerstroemia × ‘Acoma’ Lagerstroemia × ‘Lipan’ Lagerstroemia × ‘Sioux’ Lagerstroemia × ‘Tonto’ Lagerstroemia × ‘Yuma’ Lagerstroemia × ‘Chickasaw’ Lagerstroemia × ‘Pocomoke’ Five original plants and their progeny intercrossed for five generations. The first cross was made in 1967 Final cross was made in 1989 'Chickasaw‘ was released 1997 ‘Pocomoke’ was released in 1998

Answer 21

Natchez crapemyrtle Lythraceae Form: Shrub to Tree Height: to 21’ Spread: 21’ – 30’ Spacing: 10’ – 20’ Zone: (6)7 – 9 Flower Color: White July - Frost Fruit Color: n.s. Fall Color: Orange – bronze Bark: Cinnamon brown Differences from L. indica: * Spectacular exfoliating bark * Resistant to powdery mildew Differences from L. fauriei: * Recurrent blooming

Answer 22

110 genera, 800 species All are woody. Stems with lenticels. Most have opposite leaves. Leaves may be simple or compound. Flowers are bilaterally symmetrical and often large. Petals fused into a tube. Fruit a capsule with many seeds. Seeds are usually flattened and winged.

Answer 23

trumpetcreeper / trumpet vine Bignoniaceae Form: Vine Height: 30’ – 40’ Spread: 15’ – 30’ Spacing: 10’ – 15’ Zones: 4 – 9 Flower Color: Orange to scarlet. Fruit Color: n.s. Green, 3” – 5” long Fall Color: n.s. Uses: Climbing on walls and trellises. Can form nice boundaries. Accent. Specimen. Espalier Culture: Grows in full sun to partial shade. Tolerates trying conditions. Tolerates seashore conditions. Liabilities: Can spread VERY rapidly. Very hard to get rid of once established. Not a strong climber – holds on by aerial rootlets

Answer 24

Campsis ×tagliabuana ‘Madame Galen’ hybrid trumpet creeper Campsis radicans × Campsis grandiflora * Larger flowers and more flowers than C. radicans * Not as cold hardy as C. radicans (Zones 5 – 9)

Answer 25

Southern Catalpa Bignoniaceae Form: Tree Height: 45’ Spread: 45’ - 55’ Spacing: 45’ – 55’ Zones: 5 – 9 Flower Color: White with yellow and purple spots Fruit Color: Green to brown, straight slender pod. Fall Color: n.s. * Similar to Catalpa speciosa * Smaller * Flowers ~ 2 weeks later

Answer 26

Catalpa bignonioides ‘Nana’

Answer 27

northern catalpa Bignoniaceae Form: Tree Height: 50’ – 60’ (90’) Spread: 25’ – 35’ (40’ – 50’) Spacing: 25’ – 35’ (40’ – 50’) Zones: 4 – 8 Flower Color: White with yellow and purple spots Fruit Color: Green to brown pod. Pod slightly curved. Fall Color: Yellow, not spectacular. Uses: Specimen tree. Shade tree. Great flowers Culture: Full sun to partial shade. Drought tolerant. Tolerant of many soil conditions Limitations: Needs large area for best effect. Fruits can be maintenance problem. Can be weedy. Susceptible to powdery mildew

Answer 28

1 Genus 6 Species Trees. Leaves opposite. Inflorescences terminal. Flowers large, bilaterally symmetrical. Calyx lobes fused to one another, corolla lobes fused. The calyx is densely brown tomentose. Fruit a capsule. Seeds winged.

Answer 29

empress tree Paulowniaceae Form: Tree Height: 45’ – 60’ Spread: 30’ – 40’ Spacing: 30’ – 40’ Zones: (5)6 – 9 Flower Color: Pale violet, fragrant - Mid-May Fruit Color: n.s. brown capsules Fall Color: n.s. Uses: Not recommended. Shade tree in the past Culture: Full sun to partial shade. Extremely rapidly growing. Prefers moist, well drained soils but tolerates a range of conditions. Tolerates pollution. Tolerates seashore conditions. Needs protection from wind. Limitations: Messy, leaves drop over long period. Fruits look unkempt. Coarse. Dense canopy excludes other plants. Invasive habits (2000+ seeds per capsule; MD assess in progress)

Answer 30

34 genera, 1175 species Vines, trees, shrubs, or herbs. Stems often square. Leaves opposite and simple or palmately compound. All parts strongly scented. Flowers bilaterally symmetrical. Petals fused. Typically with 4 stamens. Ovary with four ovules.

Answer 31

bluebeard Verbenaceae Caryopteris incana × Caryopteris mongholica Form: Shrub Height: 3’ – 5’ Spread: 2’ – 3’ Spacing: 2’ – 3’ Zone: 6 – 9 Flower Color: Blue July – Sept. Fruit Color: n.s. Fall Color: n.s. Uses: Massing. Low border. Flowers late in summer. Leaves stems and flowers fragrant Culture: Tolerates heat and drought. Full sun. Tolerates seashore conditions (sandy and salty soils). Can be cut to the ground, flowers on new wood. Best in well drained soil. Transplants easily Limitations: Needs to be pruned hard or it can be leggy and unattractive. Weedy, may seed into areas if not deadheaded

Answer 32

Japanese beautyberry Verbenaceae Form: Shrub Height: 4’– 8’ Spread: 4’– 6’ Spacing: 3’– 6’ Zones: 5–8 Flower Color: n.s. pink, white or lavender. - July - August Fruit Color: Violet to metallic purple. Fall Fall Color: Yellow Uses: Same uses as C. dichotoma but C. japonica may benefit from cross pollination for fruit production Culture: same. Transplants easily. Well-drained soil. Full sun to light shade Limitations: Irregular fruiting in C. japonica. Can look ratty with age – rejuvenates well

Answer 33

Callicarpa japonica ‘Leucocarpa’ white-fruited Japanese beautyberry Callicarpa dichotoma ‘Early Amethyst’ early amethyst purple beautyberry Callicarpa dichotoma ‘Duet’

Answer 34

chaste tree Verbenaceae Form: Shrub to Tree Height: 10’ – 12’ Spread: 16’ Spacing: 5’ – 15’ Zone: (6)7 – 8(9) Flower Color: Lilac – purple, fragrant. June – Aug. Fruit Color: n.s. Fall Color: n.s Uses: Specimen. Massing. Screen. Border. Aromatic foliage Culture: Tolerates heat and drought. Easily transplanted. No severe insect or disease problems Limitations: Exotic looking but difficult to combine with other shrubs. Not hardy north of New York City. Can be invasive

Answer 35

cutleaf chaste tree Verbenaceae Form: Shrub to Tree Height: 10’ – 15’ Spread: 15’ – 20’ Spacing: 10’ – 20’ Zone: 6 – 8 Flower Color: Lavender June – Sept. Fruit Color: n.s. Fall Color: n.s. Uses: Specimen or border. More delicate texture and better form than V. agnus-castus. Hardier than V. agnus-castus. Aromatic foliage Culture: Tolerates heat and drought. Easily transplanted. No severe insect or disease problems. Needs full sun Limitations: Flowers not as showy as V. agnuscastus but leaves add interest

Answer 36

24 Genera 615 species Trees and shrubs. Opposite leaves. Simple or odd-pinnately compound leaves. No stipules. Stem somewhat enlarged and flattened at the nodes, but no line across the node. Lenticels obvious, often raised. Flowers with 4 sepals and 4 fused petals (or none), 2 anthers. Flowers unisexual or perfect.

Answer 37

*Chinese fringe tree* Oleaceae Form: Shrub to Tree Height: 20’ – 30’ Spread: 20’ – 30’ Spacing: 20’ – 30’ Zones: (5)6 – 8 Flower Color: White, fragrant - June Fruit Color: Blue-black on ♀ plants Fall Color: Soft yellow, not consistent Uses: Specimen plant, especially in small sites. Can plant spring flowering species underneath it Culture: One of the last plants to leaf out in spring. Tolerates partial shade, best in full sun. Best in moist well drained, organic soil but adaptable. Air pollution tolerant. Drought tolerant. Flowers on current season’s growth Limitations: None significant. Not as cold hardy as Chionanthus virginicus

Answer 38

fringe tree Oleaceae Form: Shrub to Tree Height: 10’ – 15’ Spread: 10’ – 15’ Spacing: 10’ – 15’ Zones: 4 – 9 Flower Color: White, fragrant; ♂ flowers larger, more effective - May - June Fruit Color: Blue-black on ♀ Fall Color: Yellow Uses: Large shrub to small tree. Specimen plant, especially in small sites. Can plant spring flowering species underneath it Culture: One of the last plants to leaf out in spring. Tolerates partial shade, best in full sun. Best in moist well drained, organic soil but adaptable. Prefers acidic soils. Air pollution tolerant. Flowers on previous season’s growth Limitations: None significant. Male plant needed to set fruits. Slightly less showy than C. retusus as flowers are held below leaves v. terminal

Answer 39

white ash Oleaceae Form: Tree Height: 40’ – 50’ (100’) Spread: 30’ – 50’ Spacing: 30’ – 50’ Zones: 4 – 9 Flower Color: n.s. - April Fruit Color: n.s. green samara, on ♀ plants Fall Color: yellow to purple or maroon Uses: Shade tree. Avenue tree. Grows more slowly than green ash but ultimately is larger with better structure Culture: Widely adaptable to various soils and climates. Tolerates moderately poor, dry soil. Prefers full sun Limitations: Not as adaptable as green ash. Weak branch angles. Many diseases and insect pests: * Ash yellows * Banded ash clearwing moth borers * Emerald ash borer

Answer 40

Fraxinus americana ‘Junginger’ Autumn Purple® Male, therefore seedless Reddish-purple fall color

Answer 41

European ash Oleaceae Form: Tree Height: 30’ – 40’ Spread: 25’ – 35’ (–90’) Spacing: 25’ – 35’ (–90’) Zones: 5 – 7 Flower Color: n.s. - April Fruit Color: n.s. Fall Color: clear yellow Uses: Specimen tree Culture: Prefers rich, loamy soil. Full sun to half sun. Tolerates high pH soils Limitations: Borers. Large Size

Answer 42

green ash Oleaceae Form: Tree Height: 50 – 60’ (80’) Spread: 30’ – 40’ Spacing: 30’ – 40’ Zones: (2b)3 – 9 Flower Color: n.s. April Fruit Color: n.s. green then brown on ♀ trees Fall Color: yellow Uses: Shade tree. Street tree. Specimen tree Culture: Full sun to partial shade. Tolerates poor soils. Tolerates high pH. Tolerates urban conditions: road salt, compacted soils. Grows quickly (2’ – 3’/year). More upright and irregular in growth than white ash Limitations: Fertile and abundant seed. Emerald ash borer. Banded ash clearwing moth. Scale. Ash yellows

Answer 43

Fraxinus pennsylvanica ‘Patmore’ Patmore green ash Selected from seedlings from Alberta, Canada Male clone = fruitless Very cold hardy to -40 degrees Leaves persist longer into fall Straight trunk and uniform symmetrical branching

Answer 44

Regel privet Oleaceae Form: Shrub Height: 4’ – 5’ Spread: 6’ – 10’ Spacing: 6’ – 10’ Zones: 4 – 7 Flower Color: n.s., white, unpleasantly scented - Late May –early June Fruit Color: blue-black Fall Color: n.s. Uses: Informal hedge. Border. Screen. Considered to have the best form of the Ligustrums Culture: Full sun to partial shade. Tolerates salt from roads. Extremely tolerant of poor, dry soils. Branches grow horizontally Limitations: Tier 2 MD Invasive plant. Does not do well to the south of us. Foul smelling flowers

Answer 45

California privet Oleaceae Form: Shrub Height: 10’ – 15’ Spread: 8’ – 12’ Spacing: 3’ – 10’ Zones: 5 – 7(8) Flower Color: white - Late May Fruit Color: globose, black, minimally produced Fall Color: green (semievergreen here) Uses: Shrub. Outstanding formal hedge. Border Culture: Sun to partial shade. Tolerates salt from roads. Branches grow vertically Limitations: Not reliably hardy north of New York City. Foul smelling flowers

Answer 46

golden vicary privet Oleaceae Ligustrum ovalifolium ‘Aureum’ × Ligustrum vulgare Height: 12’ Spread: 10’ Spacing: 2’ – 10’ Zones: 5 – 8 Flower Color: White Fruit Color: Blue black Fall Color: Golden yellow Uses: Same as other privets. Yellow foliage Culture: Needs full sun to develop good color. Best heavily pruned. Plant with dark colored plants for best effect Limitations: Not effective planted by itself. Shaded leaves turn sickly green

Answer 47

Japanese tree lilac Oleaceae Form: Tree Height: 20’ – 30’ Spread: 15’ – 25’ Spacing: 15’ – 20’ Zones: 3 – 7 Flower Color: white, foul smelling (privet-like) Early – to mid–June Fruit Color: n.s., green capsules Fall Color: n.s. Uses: Most trouble free lilac. Specimen tree. Street tree. Mass plantings Culture: Full sun for good flowering. pH adaptable. Easily transplanted. Prefers cool summers. Prune after flowering Limitations: Fewer problems than other lilacs. Powdery mildew. Leaf blight. Borers. Frost injury to young leaves. Foul smelling flowers

Answer 48

14 genera 420 species Annual herbs to shrubs or vines. Leaves opposite, joined by line. Flowers with parts in 4’s- or 5’s. Flowers somewhat bilaterally symmetrical. Petals fused together into a tube. Sepals fused. Seeds without wings.

Answer 49

Form: Shrub Height: 6’ – 8’ (15’) Spread: 6’ – 10’ Spacing: 6’ – 10’ Zone: 5 – 9 Flower Color: white, pink, purple, red Fruit Color: n.s. Fall Color: n.s. Uses: Shrub. border. Massing. Flowers profusely in late summer and fall. Flowers attract butterflies Culture: Full sun. Tolerates moderate ocean front conditions. Heavy pruning yields fewer, larger flowers. Well drained soil best. pH adaptable. Blooms in one year from seed Limitations: Too coarse to be used in most situations, although small and more refined selections have been made. Can be invasive if not deadheaded or sterile cultivar

Lecture - Plant and Family Details List Flashcards

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