Lecture Questions

Question 1

It is a highly repeated sequence approximately 0.3 kbp in length, including Alu elements.

Answer 1

Short Interspersed Nucleotide Elements

Question 2

Head-to-tail repeats in DNA with 10-50 bp repeat units.

Answer 2

Variable-number Tandem Repeats

Question 3

It is a Highly repeated sequence (6-8 kbp in length) containing RNA polymerase promoters and open reading frames.

Answer 3

Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements

Question 4

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism is an example of a _____, in which the sizes of the fragments define alleles.

Answer 4

continuous allele system

Question 5

Analysis time of short tandem repeats.

Answer 5

24 - 48 hours

Question 6

It is the likelihood that 2 people tested share 1 common parent.

Answer 6

Half-sibling test

Question 7

It is the likelihood that 2 people tested share common father and mother.

Answer 7

Full-sibling test

Question 8

2 alleged relatives are related as either an aunt/uncle or a niece/nephew

Answer 8

Avuncular testing

Question 9

was developed for surname testing and forensics identification of male offenders or victims.

Answer 9

Y-STR

Question 10

It is a term used to express the situation where all locus genotypes (alleles) from two sources are the same

Answer 10

Genetic concordance

Question 11

It is another anomaly of PCR amplification, in which the polymerase may miss a repeat during the replication process, resulting in two or more different species in the amplified products.

Answer 11

Stutter

Question 12

Collection of all peaks or bands within a characteristic distribution of positions and areas is called?

Answer 12

Binning

Question 14

It is also known as the likelihood of paternity and is calculated for each locus in which the alleged father and the child share an allele.

Answer 14

Paternity Index

Question 15

The paternity index for each locus, therefore, can be multiplied together to calculate the ____, which summarizes and evaluates the genotype infrmation.

Answer 15

Combined Paternity Index

Question 16

It is a number calculkated from the combined paternity index (genetic evidence) and prior odds (nongenetic evidence).

Answer 16

Probabilty of Paternity

Question 17

It is calculated from the frequency of occurrence of a given haplotype in a tested population.

Answer 17

Haplotype Diversity

Question 18

It is determined by the number of different haplotypes seen in the tested population and the total number of samples in the population.

Answer 18

Discriminatory Capacity

Question 19

One locus in which donor alleles differ from the recipient alleles.

Answer 19

Informative locus

Question 20

Flat facial profile, mental retardation, cardiac problems, risk of acute leukemia, eventual neuropathological disorders, abnormal immune system.

A. Cri du chat Syndrome
B. Multi X Females
C. Patau Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
E. Down Syndrome

Answer 20

Down Syndrome

Question 20

Mental retardation increases with increasing X.

A. Cri du chat Syndrome
B. Multi X Females
C. Patau Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
E. Down Syndrome

Answer 20

Multi X Females

Question 21

are those in which the donor and the recipient have the same alleles.

Answer 21

Noninformative loci

Question 22

Cleft palate, heart damage, mental retardation, survival usually less than 6 months.

A. Cri du chat Syndrome
B. Multi X Females
C. Patau Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
E. Down Syndrome

Answer 22

Patau Syndrome

Question 23

Growth deficiency, catlike cry in infancy, small head, mental retardation.

A. Cri du chat Syndrome
B. Multi X Females
C. Patau Syndrome
D. Turner Syndrome
E. Down Syndrome

Answer 23

Cri du chat Syndrome

Question 24

Bilateral neck webbing, heart disease, failure to develop secondary sex characteristics, hypothyroidism. A. Cri du chat Syndrome B. Multi X Females C. Patau Syndrome D. Turner Syndrome E. Down Syndrome

Answer 24

Turner Syndrome

Question 25

A mixture of donor and recipient alleles was present.

Answer 25

Mixed chimerism

Question 26

It is the frequency of expression of disease phenotype in individuals with a gene lesion.

Answer 26

Penetrance

Question 27

It is a range of phenotypes in individuals with the same gene lesion.

Answer 27

Variable Expressivity

Question 28

Detection method of Lysosomal Storage Disease.

Answer 28

Direct Sequencing

Question 29

Molecular methods in order to test Leiden mutation.

Answer 29

PCR-RFLP and SSP-PCR

Question 31

It is an autosomal recessive condition that causes overabsorption of iron from food. iron accumulation subsequently causes pancreas, liver, and skin damage; heart disease; and diabetes.

Answer 31

Hemochromatosis

Question 32

It is a life-theatening autosomal recessive disorder that causes severe lung damage and nutritional deficiencies.

Answer 32

Cystic Fibrosis

Question 33

The clinical sysmptoms of this disease includes impaired judgment, slurred speech, difficulty in swallowing, abnormal body movements (chorea), personality changes, depression, mood swings, unsteady gait, and an intoxicated appearance. With onset in the 30s or 40s, these symptoms do not become obvoius until the fourth or fifth decade of life, usually after family planning.

Answer 33

Huntington Disease

Question 34

It is a rare pediatric disorder characterized by inadequate breathing while asleep. More affected children may also experience hypoventilation while awake.

Answer 34

Idiopathic Congenital Central Hypoventilation

Question 35

It is associated with a triple-repeat (CGG) expansion in the noncoding region 5' to the fragile X mental retardation gene, FMR-1.

Answer 35

Fragile X Syndrome

Question 36

In order to test Progressive enternal opthalmoplegia, what molecular methodology is used?

Answer 36

Southern Blot

Question 37

A disease caused by trinucleotide-repeat disorders.

Answer 37

Huntington Disease

Question 38

Movement of tumor cells from the original (primary) site of the tumor to other locations.

Answer 38

Metastasis

Question 39

invasive and tending to recur at multiple sites (cancer).

Answer 39

Malignant

Question 40

the study of cancer at the molecular level, using techniques that allow the direct detection of genetic alterations, down to single-base-pair changes.

Answer 40

Molecular Oncology

Question 41

Tumor of epithelial origin.

Answer 41

Carcinoma

Question 42

tumor of bone, cartilage, muscle, blood vessels, or fat.

Answer 42

Sarcoma

Question 45

It is a neoplastic disease of blood-forming tissue in which large numbers of white blood cells populate the bone marrow and peripheral blood.

Answer 45

Leukemia

Question 45

Abnormal plasma cell/cells form tumor in the bones/soft tissues of the body.

Answer 45

Plasma cell neoplasm

Question 46

It is a neoplasm of lymphocytes that forms discrete tissue masses.

Answer 46

Lymphoma

Question 47

HER2/neu was developed in_____neuro/glioblastoma cell lines in 1958.

Answer 47

Rat

Question 48

FISH testing for HER2/neu gene amplification requires a labeled probe for the HER2/neu gene and a differently labeled control probe for the centromere of chromosome_____?

Answer 48

Chromosome 7

Question 49

Chromogenic in situ hybridization (CISH) is another method that has been used to detect HER2/ neu gene amplification. Using this microscope, CISH technology also detects deletions, trans-locations, or a change in the number of chromosomes.

Answer 49

Standard bright-field microscope

Question 50

K-ras4B is located on?

Answer 50

Plasma membrane

Question 51

In ras, the most common oncogene mutations in human cancers?

Answer 51

K-ras

Question 52

K-ras mutations are detected and identified by?

Answer 52

Direct Sequencing

Question 53

A group of tumors arising from primitive neuroectodermal tissue (PNET), it compromises family of childhood neoplasm.

Answer 53

Ewing Sarcoma, EWS (22q12)

Question 54

This mutation is also present in some types of leukemia and lymphomas. Carriers of this autosomal-recessive mutations is at increased risk for developing leukemia, lymphoma, or other types of cancers.

Answer 54

Ataxia Telangiectasia Mutated Gene, ATM (11q22)

Question 54

It is the most common soft tissue sarcoma of childhood for 10% of all solid tumors in children.

Answer 54

Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)

Question 55

Clinical application method fro Breast Cancer 1 Gene, BRCA1 (17q21), and Breast Cancer 2 Gene, BRCA2.

Answer 55

Direct Sequencing

Question 56

Genetic condition involving abnormal growth of blood vessels in organs (eyes, kidneys, adrenal glands, etc.).

Answer 56

von Hippel-Lindau gene, VHL (3p26)

Question 57

It is the most frequently expressed myc.

Answer 57

c-myc oncogene (8q24. 21)

Question 58

Dysregulates the BCL2 gene on chromosome 18q21.3 (B-cell leukemia and lymphoma 2 or B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2).

Answer 58

t (14;18) (q32; q21)

Question 59

nganong gwapa mn jud kayko bai

Answer 59

unta kamo pud