Lecture Quiz #2 Flashcards
(39 cards)
1
Q
Angiosperms
A
- Seeds develop inside fruit
- 300,000 living species (88%)
2
Q
A Typical Flower
A
- 4 floral whorls
- A modified branch with modified leaves
3
Q
Calyx
A
- Made of many sepals
- Protects flower in bud
- Often green
4
Q
Corolla
A
- Made of petals
- Often brightly colored and visually attractive
5
Q
Stamens
A
- Male reproductive part
- Pollen-producing structures
6
Q
Carpel
A
- Female reproductive parts
- Angiosperm = vessel seed
- Vessel in which the seeds are carried
7
Q
Pistil
A
Made of fused Carpels
8
Q
Ovary
A
- Swollen part of a pistil (carpel)
- Ovules = unfertilized seeds
9
Q
Ovary Position
A
- To protect the ovules maturing into seeds, some flowers bury the ovary in extra tissue (inferior ovaries)
10
Q
Flower symmetry
A
- Radial
- Bilateral (Ex. Orchid)
11
Q
Plant Sexual Reproduction
A
- Pollinator attraction
- Pollination
- Fertilization
12
Q
Not all flowers have all floral organs
A
- Pistillate: have only pistils, no male parts
- Staminate: have only stamens, no female parts
13
Q
Plant Sexuality & Morphology
A
- Synoecious - flowers have both stamens and pistils
- Monoecious - separate sexed flowers on one individual (ex. Corn)
- Dioecious - individual plants are one sex or the other
14
Q
Inflorescence
A
A cluster of flowers in a specific arrangement
15
Q
Wind pollination
A
- Flowers produce lots of pollen
- Flowers held out in open
- No nectar
- No petals
16
Q
Bee pollination
A
- Yellow, blue, purple, white
- UV patterns on corolla
- Nectar “guides”
- Flat, open, or bilaterally symmetric
- “Feeding anthers”
17
Q
Bird pollination
A
- Red, orange, purple flowers
- Long, tubular
- Produce lots of nectar (reward for pollinators)
- No scent (many birds have poor sense of smell)
18
Q
Bat pollination
A
- Flowers open at night
- Flowers often white/ light
- Strong scent
- Large, easy access
19
Q
Fly pollination
A
- Looks like rotting flesh
- Nasty smells
- Produce heat
20
Q
Pollination
A
- Transfer of pollen to the stigma
- Pollen adheres to the stigma and grows a pollen tube down the style until it reaches ovule
21
Q
Fertilization
A
- Mature ovule becomes the seed
- Mature ovary becomes the fruit
22
Q
Pericarp
A
the mature ovary wall
23
Q
Simple Fruits
A
- Develops from a single flower with one carpel or fused carpels
24
Q
Berries
A
Fleshy fruit with one or many seeds inside the ovary
25
Drupes
- Most stone fruits
- Pericarp is divided into 3 layers
- Endocarp (pit) is hard (filled with sclereids) to protect single seed
26
Pomes
Pericarp is buried within a fleshy receptacle
27
Simple dry fruit types
- Dehiscent: a dry fruit that breaks apart at maturity
- Indehiscent: a dry fruit that remains closed at maturity
28
Legume: Pea Pod
- Dry dehiscent fruit
- Breaks apart at maturity
29
Achene: sunflower "seed"
- Dry indehiscent fruit
- Single seed inside
30
Aggregate fruits
- Develops from a single flower with many separate carpels
- Ex. Raspberry
31
Multiple fruits
- Develops from many flowers with many carpels
- ex. Jackfruit
32
The Figs (Ficus spp.)
- 750-900 species
- Free standing trees, shrubs, vines, and hemiepiphytes
- Tropics, subtropics, and a few species in warm temperate and Mediterranean climates
33
The Bodhi Tree (Ficus religiosa)
- Planted 288 BC
- Oldest living human-planted tree
34
Ficus Morphology
- Leaves are evergreen and have a smooth edge (entire)
- White or yellowish sap
- Ficin and psoralen cause dermatitis
35
Parts of a Leaf
- Blade
- Axillary bud
- Petiole: leaf stalk
- Stipules: 2 appendages at the base of the petiole
36
Ficus Morphology Cont.
- Paired stipules (from ringed scars around each node)
- Cauliflory (stem-flowering)
- Aerial Roots
37
Hemiepiphytic "Strangler Figs"
- Some figs begin life as epiphytes (plants that live on other plants)
- Send aerial roots to the ground
- Roots grown downward, around the host trunk
38
Ficus Reproduction
- Flowers are borne inside a hollow stem (syconium), with a hole at the end (ostiole)
- Monoecious or dioecious
- Have a single ovule
39
A single fig flower
- Floral organs are highly reduced or absent
- No petals, few sepals
