Lecture Quiz 2

Question 1

The body’s first-line barrier defense is considered to be what?

Answer 1

Skin

Question 2

The nurse recognizes what patient has lot a barrier defense increasing his risk for infection? Burns, cancer, chickenpox, or bacterial pneumonia?

Answer 2

A 24-year-old man diagnosed with partial thickness burns

Question 3

After reviewing the results of a complete blood count on a patient who is diagnosed with an acute infection, what will the nurse expect to see elevated? Basophi, Eosinophil, hematocrit, Neutrophil?

Answer 3

Neutrophil count

Question 4

A new mother calls the clinic and tells the nurse her toddler has a temp of 102 F. How does the nurse explain why the mother should not be alarmed?

Answer 4

A fever is the body’s way of fighting an infection and supporting the body’s immune system.

Question 5

A patient presents to the emergency department with an infected wound on his left forearm. The nurse explains the inflammatory response caused by the injury will occur in what sequence?

Answer 5

Redness, swelling, heat, pain

Question 6

The patient with AIDS asks the nurse why his cytotoxic T cells are so important. What is the nurse’s best response to explain the actions of cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 6

Cells that can either destroy a foreign cell or mark it for aggressive destruction

Question 7

A patient has a minor laceration on the left arm. What does the nurse know that will cause a patin to experience muscle and joint aches, a low-grade fever, and sleepiness when an inflammation reaction is initiated?

Answer 7

Leukotriene activity

Question 8

What body defense needs to be reduced in the patient following organ transplantation?

Answer 8

Major histocompatibility complex

Question 9

A patient who has received a heart transplant has been given an order for drugs that block T cell activity. What is the rationale behind this order?

Answer 9

D) To prevent an inflammatory reaction against the transplanted heart

Question 10

The nurse is teaching a class on the inflammatory response for other nurses and discusses the role of factor XII or the Hageman factor. What substance does Hageman’s factor activate to cause kininogen to be converted to bradykinin?

Answer 10

Kallikrein

Question 11

11. The nurse anticipates what generalized response to the patient’s cellular injury?

Answer 11

Inflammation

Question 12

The nurse takes a class to better understand the immune and inflammatory responses and learns what cells help to slow or suppress the immune response?

Answer 12

Suppressor T cells

Question 13

The nurse plans care for patients with the knowledge that loss of body defenses can increase the patient’s risk for infection. What barrier defenses need to remain intact to prevent infection? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 13

Skin, mucous membranes, gastic acide

Question 14

What is the nurse referring to when discussing B-cell immunity when the B cells are programmed to identify specific proteins or antigens?

Answer 14

D) Humoral immunity

Question 15

When antibodies and antigens react, they create an antigen​antibody complex. This structure reveals a new receptor site that activates a series of plasma proteins called what?

Answer 15

Complement

Question 16

The pharmacology instructor is discussing activated complement with the nursing students. What would the instructor tell the students that activated complement stimulates?

Answer 16

Chemotaxis

Question 17

he nursing instructor explains that future exposure to an antigen previously encountered elicits a much faster response as the result of what cells forming memory cells?

Answer 17

B Cells

Question 18

When explaining the immune response the nursing instructor explains the role of neutrophils as doing what?

Answer 18

Phagocytosis

Question 19

What specific drug group has both antiviral and antiproliferative actions?

Answer 19

Interferons

Question 20

Tumor necrosis factors (TNF) participate in the inflammatory response of the human body. What do they cause in the inflammatory response?

Answer 20

Tumor regression

Question 21

Stressors are a variety of factors that have long been thought to have an important connection with the immune response. What could the nurse classify as a stressor? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 21

Trauma, foreign cells, viruses, extremes of environmental conditions

Question 22

The nurse is caring for a patient with newly diagnosed multiple sclerosis (MS). The patient asks why MS is called an autoimmune disease. What is the nurse’s best response?

Answer 22

A) The body attacks its own cells because it responds to specific self-antigens to produce antibodies.

Question 23

The nurse is caring for a patient with an acute infection that resulted in an immune reaction. What symptoms exhibited by the patient would the nurse recognize as being caused by interleukins? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 23

Fever, joint pain, muscle pain

Question 24

What immunoglobulin (Ig) is present in small amounts and is thought to be related to allergic responses?

Answer 24

IgE

Question 25

Our bodies contain various immunoglobulins (Ig). Which of these immunoglobulins is found in sweat, tears, mucus, and bile?

Answer 25

IgA

Question 26

A 44-year-old man has come to the clinic with an exacerbated asthma attack, asthma exacerbation. He tells the nurse that his father and brother also suffer from asthma, as does his 15-year-old son. The nurse explains that there is most likely an allergic component based on a genetic predisposition. The specific allergen initiated by immunological mechanisms is usually mediated by what?

Answer 26

Immunoglobulin E

Question 27

Injury to a cell membrane causes the local release of histamine. What does histamine do?

Answer 27

A) Stimulates pain perception

Question 28

An adolescent comes to the free clinic with complaints of allergic rhinitis. The adolescent asks the nurse what makes his nose get so stuffy. What is the nurse’s best response?

Answer 28

​The inside of the nose swells because of the dilation of the blood vessels.​

Question 29

In a discussion about cancer, a student asks why the body does not phagocytize a tumor. What would be the instructor’s best response?

Answer 29

Sometimes tumor cells trick the T cells into allowing them to surive

Question 30

What systems are activated by Hageman​s factor? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 30

Kinin system, Clotting Cascade, Plasminogen system

Question 31

The nurse assesses the patient’s postoperative wound and determines that the wound is inflamed, most likely because of an infection, when noting what classic symptoms? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 31

Edema, pain, redness, heat

Question 32

When assessing the patient with tissue injury, the nurse correlates signs and symptoms to the responses occurring within the patient’s body. Put the inflammatory responses in the order they will occur.

Answer 32

Activation of Hageman's factor, Kinongen actives release of bradykinin, release of leukotrienes and prostaglandins, prekallikrein becomes kallikrein, release of arachidonic acid

Question 33

The patient tells the nurse she was reading about interferons on the Internet but still does not exactly understand what they do. What actions would the nurse describe as being performed by interferons? (Select all that apply.)

Answer 33

Prevent viral replication, suppress malignant cell replication, suppress tumor growth

Question 34

The nurse is caring for a patient waiting for a heart transplant. The patient’s spouse asks the nurse, ​Why don’t they just choose any heart until the right heart can be found?​ What is the nurse’s best response?

Answer 34

The more closely the new heart matches, the less aggressive the immune reaction will be

Question 35

The patient, recently diagnosed with HIV, is waiting for results of his lab work to determine his T cell count and says to the nurse, ​What exactly is a T cell?​ What is the nurse’s best response?

Answer 35

T cells are lymphocytes, which are a type of white blood cell that helps to fight off infections and other foreign bodies that enter the body