Lecture Quiz 2 Flashcards
(47 cards)
1
Q
most versatile stem
A
bamboo
2
Q
asparagus
A
- some people metabolize it differently and excrete the smelly compound in their urine
- only some people are capable of smelling the odor
3
Q
sugar cane
A
also one potential ingredient for making rum
4
Q
tequila
A
- made from the stems of blue agave
* harvest stems right before the plant flowers
5
Q
why are there different colors of tequila?
A
depends on how long it sits in their barrels (made of white oak). takes on color and flavor of barrel
6
Q
agave nectar
A
also made from the stems of blue agave
7
Q
cinnamon
A
- comes from the bark of a tree
* 2 different types, each comes from a different tree
8
Q
2 different types of cinnamon
A
- cassia
- most common and cheapest version in the US. bark harvested in China and Indonesia
- ceylon
- smells like regular cinnamon but sweeter and with a hint of citrus. from Sri Lanka
9
Q
cork
A
- comes from the bark of the cork oak tree
* harvested in Portugal
10
Q
gum arabic
A
- comes from the sap of acacia trees
- nearly all harvested in Africa
- wide range of human uses (added to soda, M&Ms, gum, sometimes adhesive on stamps and envelopes, watercolors, cosmetics, newspaper ink)
11
Q
maple syrup
A
- harvested mostly in Canada, VT and ME
- comes from sap of maple trees
- 40 gal sap = 1 gal syrup
12
Q
rubber
A
- comes from the latex of rubber trees
- process
- special knife is used to cut a narrow groove in tree
- same tree can be tapped for ~30 yrs
- rubber sap and acid
- majority comes from Asia
13
Q
Fordlandia
A
- in the early 1900s, rubber trees were only found in S America
- in the 1920s, Henry Ford established a rubber tree plantation in Brazil called Fordlandia, which failed
14
Q
chicle tree latex
A
cannot be made into rubber but it is made into gum
15
Q
water-storing stems
A
plants in hot, dry climates, like cacti
16
Q
climbing stems
A
wrap around something for support (vines)
17
Q
rhizomes
A
- horizontal, underground stems
- roots grow down, leaves grow up
- grass, irises
- wasabi, ginger, tumeric all come from rhizomes
18
Q
stolon
A
- also horizontal stems but above ground
* strawberry plants, spider plants
19
Q
thorns
A
- stems modified for protection from animals
- citrus platnts
- acacia trees have swollen thorns (ants live in them and protect the tree from large animals)
20
Q
photosynthetic stems
A
palo verde, bamboo, cacti
21
Q
function of leavves
A
photosynthesize
22
Q
leaf anatomy
A
- blade: catch light to be used in photosynthesis
- petiole: attaches the blade to the stem of the plant
- leaves have a vascular system
23
Q
purpose of trichomes
A
- deter herbivores
* provide shade (old man cactus)
24
Q
trichomes
A
- hair-like structures on the surface of leaves
- stinging nettle, lamb’s ear
25
cuticle
* waxy coating on surface of leaves
| - prevents water from exiting leaves
26
stoma(ta)
*holes/openings on the surface of the leaf that connect the inside of leaf and the air outside leaf
*stomata can be open or closed (controlled by plants)
-open stoma
>advantages: carbon dioxide can get into the leaf
>disadvantages: plant loses water
-closed stoma
>adv: conserves water
>dis: can't get CO2
27
tobacco
* most nicotine found in trichomes
| - helps protect it from being eaten
28
pine needles
can be used as mulch
29
coca
(already learned about this)
30
spinach
green smoothies!
31
dandelion greens
edible, v nutritious, bitter
32
swiss chard
rainbow chard, the petiole is brightly colored
33
celery & rhubarb
have v pronounced petiole
34
herbs
rosemary, bay leaves, cilantro, parsley, mint, basil
35
stevia
leaves taste v sweet
36
carnauba wax
* comes from the carnauba palm tree, you can scrape wax straight off the leaves
* cosmetics, floss, wax for cars, candies
37
aquatic leaves
* live in aquatic habitat
* extremely long petiole, allows blade to be on surface of the water
* stomata located on the top of the blade
* Queen Victoria water lilies: largest blade of an aquatic leaf (7-10 ft wide), can support the weight of a small child
38
spines
* resemble thorns (but thorns are stems)
| * cacti
39
succulent leaves
* modified to store water
* stone plant: protects water supply by camoflauge
* aloe
40
bulb
* occurs underground, contains leaves that are storing food
| * onion, garlic
41
venus fly trap
has to attract, catch, digest and absorb prey
42
sundew
*catches insects in the dew on its trichomes, surrounds the insect
43
Charles Darwin and sundew
* Darwin tested what the plant would react to, reacted to substances containing nitrogen
- milk, meat, urine
44
pitcher plant
*leaves modified to form a pitcher, holds fluid (water and a soup of digestive enzymes and bacteria)
*produces both normal and modified leaves
*lures insects by producing a UV glow visible to insects and producing nectar (laced with narcotics)
-slippery wax coats the inside, downward-pointing hair
*lots of different types, hostpot of diversity in Borneo
-Nepenthes rajah produces huge pitchers
>small mammals hang out and drink nectar and poop in the pitcher
-other types eat bat poop
*inspired a Harvard scientist to create a non-stick surfrace treatment called SLIPS
45
reproductive leaves
* kalanchoe
| - edge of leaf lined with little baby plant bulbs
46
leaves that produce food for ants
acacia tree: leaves produce nectar and vitamin packets
47
ant-house leaves
* ant plants: modified leaves form hollow pouches, form places for ants to live
- plant has an aerial root inside each leaf pouch, allows plant to uptake nutrients from ant poop
