Lecture quiz 3

Question 1

*Symptoms experienced tend to be ego syntonic

Answer 1

Personality disorders

Question 2

Personality Disorder Controversies

Personality disorders are the weakest section of the DSM diagnostic system due to:

Answer 2

• Unreliability and low validity of categories
• multiple or mixed diagnosis
• Overlap with many other mental disorders as well as other personality disorders.

Question 3

Models of Classification

-The current DSM conceptualizes PDs as homogenous syndromes with distinct categories
- Problem:
> Focus is on stereotypic features of the Disorder and ignores other symptoms.

Answer 3

1. The Categorical model

Question 4

• The degree to which a particular characteristic is present
• Doesn’t try to place people into categories
• Asks the question “how much” of each criteria or trait is present.
• DSM 5 further study needed for alternative model”

Answer 4

2. Dimensional Models

Question 5

*more severe diagnosis of the two

Answer 5

Dependence

Question 6

• key component is impaired control over use due to

Answer 6

(needed for diagnosis of dependence)

• Tolerance- larger amounts needed for same effect
• Withdrawal - symptoms related to reduction or discontinued use

Question 7

The bodys physical need for a specific agent (tolerance and withdrawal)

Answer 7

*Physical dependence (addiction)

Question 8

some substances do not alter the body’s tolerance, however, the person feels they “need” the drug to help them cope

Answer 8

*Psychological dependence

Question 9

*intense desire to obtain increasing amounts if the substances to the exclusion of all other activities.

Answer 9

Abuse

Question 10

• *usually associated with dependence

- *craving to read minister substance to reduce the symptoms

Answer 10

Withdrawal criteria

Question 11

Term used to describe a symptom that indicates almost beyond doubt the correct diagnosis of a disease.

Answer 11

Pathognomonic

Question 12

3 broad categories of symptoms

1st Category

Answer 12

1. *Positive symptoms: reflect an excess or distortion of normal functions involving:
   A. Content of thoughts
   1. Delusions: False beliefs
   *Persecutory and ideas of reference - most common types
   (Persecutory: the belief they are being conspired against, cheated, poisoned, etc.)
   (Ideas of reference: innocuous events are meant specifically for them to provide instruction or warning)

Question 13

2nd category of symptoms for schizophrenia

Answer 13

2. *Hallucinations (false sensory perceptions)
   - Auditory, visual, olfactory, gustatory, tactile
   - Auditory most common
   - Occur in the context of clear sensorium
   - while they are wide awake (not waking from a dream) and not due to any substance use

Question 14

2. Negative Symptoms- Describes normal aspects of the person that they no longer have
   (4 symptoms)

Answer 14

1. *Flat Affect (affective flattening or blunt affect)
   
   • Face appears immobile and unresponsive; poor eye contact; reduced body language
2. *Avolition
   - Inability to initiate and follow through in goal-directed behavior
3. *Algolia
   - Poverty of speech
4. *Anhedonia
   - loss of interest in pleasure

Question 15

A decreased reactivity to the environment

Answer 15

Catatonia

Question 16

*often associated with substance abuse or dependence

Answer 16

Intoxication