lecture quiz 6 Flashcards
(92 cards)
1
Q
Definitive host of Toxoplasma gondii
A
Felines
2
Q
Where the sexual stages occur
A
Definitive host
3
Q
Defecated by cats with Toxoplasma gondii
A
oocysts
4
Q
How many sporocytes and sporozoites are in a Toxoplasma gondii oocyst
A
2 sporocysts per oocyst with 4 sporozoites in each
5
Q
Is Toxoplasma gondii intraintestinal or extraintestinal
A
Extraintestinal
6
Q
Rapidly dividing, destructive, characteristic of acute infection
A
Tachyzoites
7
Q
Slowly dividing, found in “tissue cysts,” characteristic of chronic infection
A
Bradyzoites
8
Q
Disease caused by Toxoplasma gondii
A
Taxoplasmosis
9
Q
Distribution of Toxoplasma gondii
A
Worldwide
10
Q
How humans can get infected by Toxoplasma gondii
A
- Ingestion of oocyst
- Ingestion of contaminated, undercooked meat that contains bradyzoites
- Transplacentally through tachyzoites
- Ingestion of sporulated oocysts from another cat
11
Q
Where Toxoplasma gondii oocysts may be found
A
Litter box, dog fur, sandbox, garden soil
12
Q
Clinical signs of Toxoplasma gondii
A
- Encephalitis
- Chorioretinitis
- Swollen lymph nodes
- Life threatening to immunosuppressed
13
Q
Diagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii
A
- Blood test and look for IgM to tell if a recent infection
- Fecal smear of a cat and look for oocysts
14
Q
Treatment of Toxoplasma gondii
A
Sulfadiazine
15
Q
Life cycle of Sarcocystis spp.
A
Heteroxenous (2 hosts)
16
Q
Definitive host of Sarcocystis spp.
A
Predator/meat-eater
17
Q
Intermediate host of Sarcocystis spp.
A
Prey/herbivore
18
Q
Definitive and intermediate host of Sarcocystis bovihominis
A
Definitive = humans Intermediate = cows
19
Q
Contained within a tissue cyst (sarcocyst)
A
Bradyzoites
20
Q
Definitive and intermediate host of Sarcocystis porcifelis
A
Definitive = cat Intermediate = pig
21
Q
Definitive and intermediate host of Sarcocystis suihomins
A
Definitive = humans Intermediate = pig
22
Q
Definitive and intermediate host of Sarcocystis cruzi
A
Definitive = cow Intermediate = dog
23
Q
Sarcocystis neurona host
A
Horses (aberrant)
24
Q
Sarcocystis neurona oocyst carrier
A
Opossums
25
Sarcocystis neurona disease
EPM
26
Clinical signs of Sarcocystis neurona
1. Ascending paralysis
2. Gait abnormality
3. Lameness
4. Head tilt
27
Diagnosis of Sarcocystis neurona
Test CSF for antibodies
28
Sarcocystis neurona treatment
Ponazaril
29
Pneumocystis carini host
All humans by age 8 and mammals like rodents
30
Pneumocystis carini disease
PCP/Interstitial plasma cell pneumonia
31
Transmission of Pneumocystis carini
As an aerosol (cough)
32
The number 1 killer of AIDS patients
Pneumocystis carini
33
Clinical signs of Pneumocystis carini
1. Nonproductive cough
2. Fever
3. Night sweats
4. Dyspnea
5. Asphyxia
34
Diagnosis of Pneumocystis carini
Sputum sample or lung lavage
35
Treatment for Pneumocystis carini
TMP-SMX
36
What types of worms are trematodes
Flukes
37
What types of worms are cestodes
Tapeworms
38
This type of worm are all ectoparasites (with 1 exception)
Trematodes
39
Type of worm that are monoecious
Trematodes
40
Male and female in one worm
Monoecious
41
Anterior end of a trematode
Prohaptor
42
Posterior end with suckers or hooks for attachment
Opisthhaptor
43
1 species of Trematode that infects mammals (hippo eye)
Oculotrema hippopotami
44
Digenetic trematode life cycle
3 hosts
45
Worm developmental stage found in humans or other mammals (the definitive host)
Adult trematode
46
What developmental stage of worm is released from egg
Miracidium larva
47
What developmental stage of worm enters the 1st intermediate host
Miracidium larva
48
Developmental stage of worm that leaves the 1st intermediate host
Cercaria larva
49
Developmental stage of worm that enters the 2nd intermediate host
Cercaria
50
What stage/host of worm must be ingested by a human or mammal
2nd intermediate host with metacercariae
51
Common name of Fasciola hepatica
Sheep Liver Fluke
52
Definitive host of Fasciola hepatica
Sheep, cattle, humans, rabbits
53
1st intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica
Freshwater snails
54
2nd intermediate host of Fasciola hepatica
Plant (watercress)
55
Disease caused by Fasciola hepatica
Fascioliasis
56
What developmental stage of Fasciola hepatica is ingested by human/mammal
Metacercariae
57
Where Fasciola hepatica penetrate then live for 10-20 years
Liver and then the bile duct
58
Clinical signs of Fasciola hepatica
Fever, facial edema, hepatomegaly, ab pain, bile duct destruction, fibrosis
59
Diagnosis of Fasciola hepatica
Fecal sample and look for eggs
60
Treatment of Fasciola hepatica
Triclabendazole
61
Clonorchis sinensis common name
Chinese Liver Fluke
62
Disease casued by Clonorchis sinensis
Clonorchiasis
63
Definitive host of Clonorchis sinensis
Human or mammal
64
Released from Clonorchis sinensis egg
Miracidium
65
Clonorchis sinensis 1st intermediate host
Freshwater snail
66
Released from Clonorchis sinensis 1st intermediate host
Cercoariae
67
Clonorchis sinensis 2nd intermediate host
Cyprinid fish
68
Developmental stage contained in Clonorchis sinensis 2nd intermediate host
Metacercariae
69
Progression of Clonorchis sinensis metacercariae in the mammal
Duodenum then bile duct then out in feces
70
Clinical signs of Clonorchis sinensis
Hepatomegaly, jaundice, ab pain, diarrhea, high worm burden
71
Diagnosis of Clonorchis sinensis
Fecal sample and look for eggs
72
Treatment of Clonorchis sinensis
Praziquantel
73
Dicrocoelium dendriticum common name
Lancet fluke
74
Definitive host of Dicrocoelium dendriticum
Mammals (grazers like cattle)
75
Dicrocoelium dendriticum 1st intermediate host
Snail
76
Dicrocoelium dendriticum 2nd intermediate host
2nd snail or brown ant (Formica)
77
Unlike all other trematodes, Dicrocoelium dendriticum do not require this specific element
Water
78
What developmental stage of Dicrocoelium dendriticum is present in snail slime
Cercariae
79
Effect of Dicrocoelium dendriticum on ant
Causes ant to express odd behavior - Don't go back to nest, climb grass blades, and undergo tetanic episode
80
Paragonimus westermanni common name
Oriental Lung Fluke
81
Disease caused by Paragonimus westermanni
Paragonimiasis
82
Definitive host of Paragonimus westermanni
Humans or any mammal
83
1st intermediate host of Paragonimus westermanni
Freshwater snail
84
2nd intermediate host of Paragonimus westermanni
Freshwater crustacean like crayfish or crabs
85
Developmental stage of Paragonimus westermanni consumed by human/mammal
Metacercariae
86
Where Paragonimus westermanni invade
Lungs
87
How Paragonimus westermanni leave the human host
Through sputum of a cough, or cough then re-swallow eggs and pass through feces
88
Ectopic site where Paragonimus westermanni may invade
Brain
89
Clinical signs of Paragonimus westermanni
Fibrotic tissue around lungs, cough, pleural effusion, pleurisy, hemoptysis, night sweats
90
Diagnosis of Paragonimus westermanni
Sputum or fecal sample and look for eggs
91
Treatment of Paragonimus westermanni
Praziquantel
92
Species of Paragonimus found in the U.S. and seen in cats and raccoons
Paragonimus kellicotti
