Lecture Shoulder part 2 Deep Shoulder Flashcards
1
Q
What are the joints of the shoulder?
A
- sternocalvicular joint
- gleno-humeral joint
- acromioclavicular joint
2
Q
Where does clavicle articulate anteriorly?
A
- at manubrium of sternum with sternoclavicular joint
3
Q
Where does clavicle articulate laterally?
A
- acromioclavicular joint
4
Q
What articulates at gleno-humeral joint?
A
- glenoid of scapula and head of humerus
5
Q
What is the pectoral girdle?
A
- clavicle and scapula
6
Q
What type of joint is the sternoclavicular joint?
A
- synovial joint
7
Q
What is the only true boney articulation between upper limb and thorax?
A
- sternoclavicular joint
8
Q
Can the sternoclavicular joint move in multiple planes?
A
- Yes it is a multiaxial joint
-
9
Q
What movements does the sternoclavicular joint have?
A
- elevation/depression (clavicle and disc) - protraction/retraction (clavicle and sternum) - rotation (both)
10
Q
Does dislocation of the sternoclavicular joint occur frequently?
A
- no the clavicle is more likely to fracture from force first
11
Q
What is the movement of plane joints?
A
- they slide on each other
12
Q
How does acromioclavicular joint dislocate?
A
- upward force stretches or tears the ligaments in some way
13
Q
What is a grade 1 separated shoulder?
A
- acromioclavicular ligament sprain
14
Q
What is a grade 2 separated shoulder?
A
- acromioclavicular ligament tear
15
Q
What is a grade 3 separated shoulder?
A
- acromioclavicular and coracoclavicular ligaments are torn
16
Q
What type of joint is the genlohumeral?
A
- synovial capsule
17
Q
Is the glenohumeral joint strong?
A
- no it is weak but very mobile
18
Q
What reinforces the glenohumeral joint?
A
- tendons of the rotator cuff muscles
19
Q
Long tendon of pierces the capsule and attaches to supraglenoid tubercle of scapula and glenoid labrum
A
-bicheps brachii
20
Q
What forms roof of glenoid fossa and attaches coracoid process to acromion?
A
- coraco acromial ligament
21
Q
What forms roof of glenoid fossa?
A
- coraco acromial ligament
22
Q
What are bursa?
A
- pillows of synovial fluid
23
Q
Dislocation of glenohumeral joint is?
A
- dislocation of shoulder
24
Q
Dislocation of acromioclavicular joint is?
A
- separated shoulder
25
what is the most common dislocation direction?
- downward (inferior) direction but described as anterior
26
What prevents upward dislocation?
- the coracoacrominal structures and rotator cuff
27
_____ dislocations are more rare
- posterior
28
Who do anterior dislocations occur most commonly in?
- young adults, especially athletes
29
How do the dislocations happen?
- hyperextension with lateral rotation
- humeral head is forced in infero-anterior direction
- fibrous layer of joint capsule and glenoid labrum may tear
30
What nerve do we worry about with shoulder dislocation?
- axillary nerve
31
What muscles does the axillary nerve supply?
- deltoid
- teres minor
- triceps brachii (radial nerve more common)
32
Axillary nerve supplies sensory from:
- shoulder joint
| - skin covering the inferior deltoid
33
What is frozen shoulder?
- adhesive capsulitis
34
What is adhesive capsulitis?
- chronic inflammation in the glenohumeral joint can lead to fibrosis between joint capsule, rotator cuff muscles and synovial bursa
35
What range of motion does frozen shoulder affect?
- abduction affected, compensatory scapular movements
36
Who is frozen shoulder common in?
- individuals 40-60 years of age
37
______ can be initiated by glenohumeral dislocation, supraspinus tendinitis, bicipital tendinitis and or rotator cuff tears
- adhesive capsulitis
38
How do you treat adhesive capsulitis?
- interscalene block to numb nerves of shoulder
| - manual maniupulation to break apart adhesion to allow normal range of motion
39
The deltoid can perform all actions except?
- adduction
40
What are the rotator cuff muslces?
- subscapularis
- supraspinatus
- infraspinatus
- teres minor
41
where does the deltoid attach proximally?
- lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula
42
Where is the distal attachment of the deltoid?
- deltoid tubersoity of humerus
43
what nerve innervates the deltoid?
- axillary nerve (C5, C6)
44
What are the actions of the deltoid?
- flexes
- medially rotates
- abducts
- extends
- and laterally rotates humerus
45
What cord does the axillary nerve come from?
- posterior cord of brachial plexus
46
Where does the teres major attach proximally?
- posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula
47
Where is the distal attachment of the teres major?
- medial lip of intertubercular (bicipital) grooce of humerus
48
What are the actions of teres major?
- adducts and medially rotates humerus
49
What innervates the teres major?
- lower subscapular nerve (C5 and C6)
50
Where do the supra spinatus teres minor and infra spinatus converge?
- greater tubercle
51
What rotator cuff muscle attaches to the lesser tubercle of humerus?
- subscapularis
52
what is the action of the supraspinatus muscle?
- initiates abduction of humerus then deltoid takes over at 25-30 degrees
53
Where is the insertion of the supraspinatus?
- superior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus
54
What innervates the supraspinatus?
- suprascapular nerve
55
Where is the origin of the infraspinatus?
- infraspinatus fossa of scapula
56
Where is the insertion of infraspinatus?
- middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
57
where is the origin of the supraspinatus?
- supraspinous fossa of scapula
58
what innervates the infraspinatus?
- suprascapular nerve
59
What muscle has the same function as the infraspinatus?
- teres minor
60
Where is the proximal attachment of the teres minor?
- middle part of lateral border of scapula
61
Where is the distal attachment of the teres minor?
- inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
62
What is the action of the teres minor?
- laterally rotates humerus, helps hold humeral head in place
63
What inervates the teres minor?
- axillary nerve
64
What nerve innervates the subscapularis muscle?
- upper and lower subscapular nerves
65
What is the action of the subscapularis muscle?
- adducts the humerus
66
Where is the distal attachment of the subscapularis?
- lesser tubercle of humerus
67
Where is the proximal attachment of the subscapularis?
- anterior surface of scapula (subscapular fossa)`
