Lecture Test 2 Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
Lower Cross Syndrome
A
Tight Thoracolumbar Extensors, Weak Abdominals, Weak Glutes, Tight Iliposoas & Rectus Femoris
2
Q
Common location for Vertebral Artery imingement?
A
C1 due to sharp medial turn
3
Q
Atlanto-Occipital Joint Arthro
A
convex occipital condyles on concave superior facets
4
Q
AO Osteo
A
convex occipital condyles on concave superior facets
5
Q
AO Flexion limited by
A
Bony contact of dens and foramen magnum
6
Q
AO Extension limited by
A
Compression of occiput on sub occipital muscles
7
Q
Atlantoaxial Joint Artho
A
pivot joint between dens of C2 and anterior arch of C1/transv
8
Q
AA Osteo
A
Flex/Ext, Lateral Flexion, ROTATION!
9
Q
Intervertebral Joint Arthro
A
Sliding and tilting superior vertebra on intervertebral discs
10
Q
Facet Joint Arthro
A
sliding of inferior facet of the vertebrae above and & SUP facet of the vertebrae below
11
Q
Intervertebral and Facet Joint Osteo
A
Flex/Ext, Lat Flex, Rotation
12
Q
Cervical Facet Orientation
A
45 degrees in frontal plane
13
Q
Cervical Flexion ROM
A
Goni: 45
Inclino: 50
14
Q
Cervical Lateral Flexion ROM
A
Goni: 45
Inclino: 45
15
Q
Cervical Rotation ROM
A
Inclino: 80
16
Q
Cervical Extension ROM
A
Goni: 45
Inclino: 60
17
Q
Cervical Flexion limited by:
A
Interspinous ligament, Posterior Longitudinal Ligament, posterior part of annulus fibrosus, ligamentum flavum
18
Q
Cervical Extension limited by:
A
Bony contact of facets, Anterior Longitudinal Ligament, anterior part of annulus fibrosus
19
Q
Cervical Lateral Flexion limited by:
A
Intertransverse ligaments, vertebral process/bodies, lateral parts of annulus fibrosis
20
Q
Cervical Rotation limited by:
A
Annulus Fibrosis
21
Q
Facet joints limited by:
A
Synovial joint capsule/capsular ligaments
22
Q
Upper Cross Syndrome
A
Inhibited Neck Flexors, Inhibited Rhomboids & Serratus Anterior, Tight Upper Trap & Levator Scapula, Tight Pecs
23
Q
Thoracic Extension limited by:
A
Spinous Processes
24
Q
Thoracic Flexion Arthro
A
superior vertebrae tilts ant, translates ant, facet joints: inferior facet of superior slides upward on superior facet of inferior
25
Thoracic Lateral Flexion Arthro
facet downslides on same side and up slides on contralateral
26
Thoracic Rotation Arthro
superior vertebrae rotates on inferior vertebrae...impact of inferior facet of sup vert on sup facet of inferior vert. on opposite side
27
Thoracic Flex/Ext Osteo
facets T1-T6 = frontal plane...limited flex and ext
| Facet T6-T12 = more sagittal alignment… allows more flex/ext
28
Thoracic Lat Flex/Rotation Osteo
Ribs restrict in upper/middle thorax
29
Lumbar Flex Artho
inferior vertebral facet of superior body slides upwards
30
Lumbar Lat Flex Arthro
inferior vertebral facet on superior slides down towards lat flex, up on other
31
Lumbar Rot Arthro (left)
right inferior facet of superior body, impacts superior facet of inferior body
32
Lumbar Flex/Ext Osteo
facet joints in sag plan = more flexion/ext, limits lat flex and rotation
L5-S1 most flexion, little to no rot/lateral flexion
33
Lumbar Lat Flex/Rot Osteo
Upper L-spine more (L1-L2, L2-L3)
34
Trunk Flexion ROM
TM: 10cm
Inclino: 60
35
Trunk Extension ROM
Goni: 35
Inclino: 25 (L-spine)
36
Trunk Lateral Flexion ROM
TM: 22cm
Goni: 35
Inclino: 25 (L-spine)
37
Trunk Rotation ROM
Goni: 45
Inclino: 30 (T-spine)
38
Trunk Flexion Functional ROM: Sit to stand
35 Degrees
39
Trunk Flexion Functional ROM: Picking up item from floor
60 degrees
40
TMJ Osteo
depression (mouth opening), elevation (mouth closing), protrusion, retraction/retrusion, and lateral deviation
41
TMJ Depression/Elevation Arthro
sagittal plane; condylar rotation combined with sliding of the condyles on the inferior surface of the discs
42
TMJ Protrusion/Retrusion Arthro
bilateral condyles and discs translate together along temporal articular eminences; upper joint; no rotation (more of a glide)
43
TMJ Lateral Deviation Arthro
one mandibular condyle and disc slide inferior, anterior, & medially; the other rotates and slides within mandibular fossa
44
TMJ Depression ROM
35-50mm
45
TMJ Elevation ROM
Teeth contact
46
TMJ Protrusion ROM
3-7mm
47
TMJ Lateral Deviation ROM
10-15mm
48
Hip Stability
```
Depth of acetabulum;
Labrum (negative intracapsular pressure, sealing cartilage layers, and holds fluid in the joint to assist with impact loading);
Joint Capsule;
Ligamentous support (Iliofemoral (Y lig) pubofemoral, ischiofemoral);
Iliopsoas crossing joint
```
49
Hip Arthro
Proximal joint surface: concave acetabulum
Distal Joint surface: convex femoral head
Consider proximal on distal vs distal on proximal!
50
Hip Flex ROM
120 degrees
51
Hip Ext ROM
30 degrees
52
Hip ABD ROM
45 Degrees
53
Hip ADD ROM
30 degrees
54
Hip ER ROM
45 degrees
55
Hip IR ROM
45 degrees
56
HIp End Feel:
Flex & ADD: Soft/firm
| EXT, ABD, ER/IR: firm
57
Hip Capsular Pattern
FLEX > ABD > IR (order can vary)
58
Hip Flex Functional ROM: sit to stand
98-101 degrees
59
Hip Flex Functional ROM: Tying shoes
120 degrees
60
Hip flex during Gait:
30 degrees
61
Hip Ext during Gait:
10-20 degrees
62
Hip Flexion Functional ROM: Ascending stairs
67 degrees
63
Hip Flexion Functional ROM: Descending stairs
36 degrees
64
THA Posterolateral Precautions
no flex > 60-90, IR, ADD
65
THA Anterior Precautions
varies by MD; NONE to avoid ER, ADD, ABD
66
Q-angle
8-14 in men, 15-17 in females
67
Tibiofemoral joint Arthro
convex medial and lateral femoral condyles articulate with concave medial and lateral condyles of the proximal tibia
68
Tibiofemoral Joint Flexion
135 degrees
69
TF Joint Ext
0 up to 10 hyperextension
70
Screw home mechanism
last 10-15 of knee extension, tibia rotates externally to “lock” the knee in ext (femur internally rotates)
71
Knee End-feel
Flexion: Firm/Soft
Ext: Firm
72
Knee Capsular Pattern
Flex>Ext
73
PF NWB Arthro
concave tibia slides in same direction on convex femur
| Patella slides superior in extension & inferior in flexion
74
PF WB Arthro
FLX: Femur posterior roll and anterior slide...menisci slide posterior
EXT: femur anterior roll and posterior slide...last part of motion, motion halts at lateral femoral condyle but slide continues at medial femoral condyle= screw home mechanism
75
Knee Flex Functional ROM: Tying Shoes
106 degrees
76
Knee Flex Functional ROM: Sitting
93 degrees
77
Knee Flex Functional ROM: Lifting item from floor
117 degrees
78
Knee Flex Functional ROM: Climbing stairs
83-105 Degrees
79
Lumbar Plexus
Ventral Rami- T12 L1, L2, L3, L4
Anterior Division: Adductor Musculature
Posterior Division: Hip Flexors and Knee Extensors
80
Sacral Plexus
Ventral Rami (L4), L5, S1-S3
Superior Gluteal Nerve: Glut Med
Anterior Division: post thigh, post lower leg, plantar foot
Posterior Division- Abductor musculature, hip extension
81
Peripheral Nerves
```
Femoral N L1-L4
Saphenous: sensory of medial side of leg
Obturator: L(1) 2, 3, 4
Sciatic: L4,5 : S1,2,3
Common Peroneal: L4-S2
Tibial: L4-5 S1-S3
```
82
Tibiofibular Joint Arthro
DF: fibular slides superior & posterior
PF: fibula glides distal & slightly anterior
83
High ankle Sprain
Foot on ground, hit/twisted, and external rotation occurs, torquing the talus; causes pulling apart of the syndesmosis
84
Talocrural Arthro
concave distal tibia and fibula, convex talar dome
NWB: talus moves posterior w/DF, anterior w/PF
WB: tibia moves anteriorly w/DF, posterior w/PF
85
Talocrural DF ROM
20 degrees
86
Talocrural PF ROM
50 degrees
87
Talocrural Ligamentous support
Medial: Deltoid ligament complex
Tibionavicular, anterior tibiotalar, and posterior tibiotalar
Lateral: ATF, PTF, CF
ATF-most commonly injured ligament with PF/inversion (lateral) ankle sprains
88
Talocrural End Feel
DF/PF: Firm/hard
89
Talocrural Capsular pattern
PF>DF
90
Talocrural DF Functional ROM: rising form sitting
28 degrees
91
Talocrural DF Functional ROM: descending stairs
21-36 degrees
92
Talocrural PF Functional ROM: running
32 degrees
93
Subtalar Arthro
Ant & Middle= convex talar facts, concave calcaneal facets, share joint capsule with talonavicular joint
Posterior: concave talar facet, convex calcaneal facet, own joint capsule
94
Oblique Axis
42 degrees from horizontal, 16 degrees from sagittal
95
Subtalar End feel
Inversion: Firm
Eversion: Hard/firm
96
Subtalar Capsular Pattern
inversion>eversion
97
Subtalar INV/EV ROM
5 degrees
98
STJ and TTJ ROM Supination/Pronation
35 degrees each
99
Transverse Tarsal Joint
Talonavicular: convex talus, concave navicular
Calcaneocuboid: convex-concave calcaneus, convex-concave cuboid
100
Transverse Tarsal Ligamentous Support
plantar calcaneonavicular (spring), bifurcate (cc, CN), dorsal talonavicular
101
Transverse Tarsal Osteo
Longitudinal & Oblique Axis (Triplanar motion)
Midfoot supination (inversion) & pronation (eversion)
Adduction/Abduction of the forefoot
102
Transverse Tarsal Arthro
NWB inversion: navicular slides medially & dorsally on talus; cuboid slides medially (plantar)
NWB eversion: navicular slides laterally (plantar) & cuboid slides laterally (dorsal)
103
MTP ROM Flex/Ext
1st: Flex 0-45/ Ext 0-70
| Toes 2-5: Flex 0-40/ Ext 0-40
104
MTP end feel
firm
105
1st MTP Capsular Pattern
Ext > Flex
106
Supination
Calcaneal inversion, ADD, PF
ABD/DF of talus
ER of tibia
107
Pronation
calcaneal eversion, ABD, DF
ADD/PF of talus
IR of tibia
108
3 Arches
Medial longitudinal, lateral longitudinal, transverse
109
Pes planus
flat foot, pronation
110
Pes Cavus
HIgh arch, supination
111
Myotome L2
Hip flexion (Iliopsoas)
112
Myotome L3
Knee Extension (Quads)
113
Myotome L4
Ankle DF (anterior tib)
114
Myotome L5
Great toe extension (EHL)
115
Myotome S1
Ankle Plantar Flexion (Gastroc), Ankle Eversion (Peroneus Longus/Brevis), Hip Extension (Gluteus Maximus)
116
Myotome S1-S2
Knee Flexion (Biceps Femoris)
117
Dermatomes
Inside of knee : L3
Front of Knee: L4
Outside of Knee: L5
