lecture test 2

Question 1

what is the eye structure that transmits and reflects light ?

Answer 1

cornea

Question 2

ear development begins during the what week of embryonic life ?

Answer 2

4th week

Question 3

what is the correct chronological sequence of events for hearing?

Answer 3

1.Tympanic membrane vibrates -sound enter outer ear
2. Auditory bones vibrate - cause epitympanic recess to vibrate
3. Pressure waves develop within the Cochlea and travel through Lymph
4. Organ of Corti - bends at frequency, starts AP
5. AP passes through spiral ganglia to inferior colliculus then to the primary auditory cortex

Question 4

Where is the Saccule located?

Answer 4

Within the vestibule

vestibule is in the ear

Question 5

What’s the order of the middle ear bones?

Answer 5

Malleus
Incus
Stapes

Question 6

What is the function of the auditory tube?

Answer 6

to equalize the pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear

Question 7

When does the lens of the eye flatten?

Answer 7

When the ciliary muscles relax

Question 8

Which part of the retina lacks photoreceptors?

Answer 8

OPTIC DISC

Question 9

what is the function of the Sclera?

Answer 9

it protects the inner eye and provides the shape of the eye

Question 10

what is the diameter of the eye in in centimeters

Answer 10

2.5 cm

Question 11

what kind of epithelium is the Conjunctiva composed of ?

Answer 11

Stratified columnar

Question 12

what type of neurons are the olfactory receptor cells ?

Answer 12

Bi- polar neurons

Question 13

What are the different types of tongue Papillae?

Answer 13

Filiform
Fungiform
Vallate
Foliate

Question 14

what are the phasic receptors for light touch and pressure ?

Answer 14

Tactile corpuscles

Question 15

what are the receptors for deep pressure and high frequency vibrations?

Answer 15

lamellated corpuscles

Question 16

what are the receptors that respond to pain caused by external and internal stimuli ?

Answer 16

Nociceptors

Question 17

what are the receptors that detect changes in light intensity, color and movement

Answer 17

photoreceptors

Question 18

conscious awareness of incoming sensory information

Answer 18

sensation

Question 19

the developing heart and lungs begin to receive autonomic innervation in what week of development?

Answer 19

10th week

Question 20

what week does the sympathetic trunk begin to form ?

Answer 20

6th week

Question 21

during the embryological development the autonomic nervous system forms from what

Answer 21

the neural tube cells & the neural crest cells

Question 22

where are the centers for cardiac, digestive, and Vasomotor Functions housed ?

Answer 22

BRAIN STEM

Question 23

what would be involved in an autonomic reflex ?

Answer 23

–Cardiac muscle contractions
–smooth muscle contractions
–gland secretion

Question 24

when the autonomic nervous system division causes heart rate to increase

Answer 24

sympathetic

Question 25

Which autonomic plexus innervates Viscera within the pelvic region ?

Answer 25

hypogastric

Question 26

Characteristics of Sympathetic Division of the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 26

--Long postganglionic axons -- short preganglionic axons --norepinephrine as a transmitter substance --preganglionic neuron cell bodies in the T1-L2 spinal cord regions.

Question 27

# AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM where are the preganglionic Neuron Cell Bodies located? what does it participate in ?

Answer 27

in the lateral horns of the T1-L2 spinal cord region. FIGHT OR FLIGHT RESPONSE

Question 28

Which part of your brain arouses you from sleep ?

Answer 28

reticular activating system

Question 29

what is a condition in which a person loses memory of past events ?

Answer 29

RETROGRADE amnesia

Question 30

which of the following functions will the angular gyrus be highly involved?

Answer 30

reading allowed assembling instructions for a piece of Funiture

Question 31

In most people the right hemisphere functions as the what?

Answer 31

Representational hemisphere

Question 32

In most people the left hemisphere functions as the what?

Answer 32

categorical hemisphere

Question 33

which of the following demonstrates hemispherical lateralization?

Answer 33

the left hemisphere is usually specialized for language activities

Question 34

when is brain growth 95% complete

Answer 34

5

Question 35

A desceding pathway does what ?

Answer 35

carries motor infomation from the brain the musles and the glands

Question 36

An ascending pathway does what ?

Answer 36

carries sensory information from the body to the brain

Question 37

A nucleus is what ?

Answer 37

A collection of neuron cell bodies within the central nervous system

Question 38

A tract is what ?

Answer 38

a group of axons that travel together in the central nervous system

Question 39

a nervous system pathway consists of two components what are they?

Answer 39

TRACT Nucleus

Question 40

what is the correct order for the events that occur during a reflex?

Answer 40

Stimulus activates receptor → sensory neuron transmits signal → integration center processes information → motor neuron transmits response → effector responds.

Question 41

injury to which the nerve causes the condition known as sciatica

Answer 41

sciatic

Question 42

which nerve helps to plant the foot?

Answer 42

Tibial nerve

Question 43

The largest and the longest nerve is the ?

Answer 43

SCIATIC

Question 44

the plexus that supplys the upper limbs is the ?

Answer 44

brachial PLEXUS

Question 45

The plexus that lie on either side of the neck are the?

Answer 45

cervical plexus

Question 46

how many pairs of spinal nerves are there?

Answer 46

31

Question 47

what is the correct order for the parts of the spinal cord from superior to inferior ?

Answer 47

cervical thoracic lumbar sacral Coccygeal

Question 48

the thin strand of pia mater that helps to anchor the spinal cord to the coccyx is the ?

Answer 48

filum terminale.

Question 49

The inferior tip of the spinal cord is the

Answer 49

Coccygeal

Question 50

Which part of the brain contains the arbor vitae

Answer 50

cerebellum

Question 51

which portion of the brain contains the posterior part of the 4th ventrical?

Answer 51

cerebellum

Question 52

The infundibulum is attached to the what?

Answer 52

the pituitary gland.

Question 53

which part of the brain contains the epithalamus, hypothalamus, thalamus

Answer 53

The diencephalon.

Question 54

Which nucleus contains muscular movement at the subconscious level

Answer 54

putamen

Question 55

extend between the right and the left cerebral hemispheres

Answer 55

The commissural tracts

Question 56

The association areas do what?

Answer 56

integrating new sensory inputs with past experiences.

Question 57

the portion of the brain involved with vision is the ?

Answer 57

occipital lobe

Question 58

hemisphere lateralization refers to?

Answer 58

functional differences between the right and the left hemispheres

Question 59

the amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the brain at any given moment?

Answer 59

ranges from 100-160 mL

Question 60

cerebrospinal fluid is formed by what?

Answer 60

the choroid plexus

Question 61

the portion between the lateral ventricles?

Answer 61

septum pellucidum

Question 62

which brain ventricle is located in the cerebrum ?

Answer 62

lateral ventricle

Question 63

human intelligence is most closing related to?

Answer 63

the number of active synapses

Question 64

can neural stem cells form new neurons ?

Answer 64

yes, in only certain portions of the CNS ex. hippocampus

Question 65

the type of neural circuit that makes sure we continue to breath while we are asleep is a ?

Answer 65

reverberating circuit

Question 66

the type of neural circuit that spreads information from one presynaptic neuron to several post-synaptic neurons

Answer 66

is diverging circuit

Question 67

the type of neural circuit in which several neurons process the same information at the same time

Answer 67

parallel after discharge circuit

Question 68

the type of neural circuit in which several nerve impulses come together at a single post- synaptic neuron

Answer 68

converging circuit

Question 69

two types of synapses based on the mode of communication

Answer 69

chemical electrical

Question 70

axon approaches the cell onto which it will terminate it generally does what

Answer 70

branches repeatedly into several Terminale arborizations

Question 71

axons terminate at each of these locations except for one? other neurons bone cells smooth muscle cells glands skeletal muscle cells

Answer 71

bone cells

Question 72

what is a nerve ?

Answer 72

cable like bundle of parallel axons

Question 73

what do all glial cells have in common ?

Answer 73

assist the neurons in there respective functions

Question 74

Which glial cell helps to circulate cerebrospinal fluid?

Answer 74

Ependymal cell

Question 75

The most abundant glial cell in the CNS

Answer 75

astrocyte

Question 76

Glial cells differ from neurons because

Answer 76

smaller + capable of mitosis

Question 77

Functionally 99% of neurons are what type of neuron?

Answer 77

Interneurons

Question 78

the cell body of a neuron is also called what?

Answer 78

perikaryon

Question 79

Which of the following is not found the in the peripheral nervous system? ganglion cranial nerve spinal cord peripheral nerve spinal nerve

Answer 79

spinal cord