Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy > Lecture Three > Flashcards

Lecture Three Flashcards

1
Q

Peripheral Nervous System is made up of what?

A

cranial nerves (except optic nerve thought to be part of CNS), spinal nerves outside CNS and cell bodies outside CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The nervous system is divided into what three functional divides?

A

Somatic (voluntary, skeletal), Autonomic or Visceral (involuntary, smooth) and Special (nerves for special functions i.e. hearing, taste etc.).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Collection of nerve bodies in the CNS is called? A bundle of nerve fibres in the CNS is called?

A

Nucleus

Tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which nerves are located in the forebrain?

A

Olfactory and Optic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which nerves are located in the midbrain?

A

Oculomotor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which nerves are located in the pons?

A

CN4-CN8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which nerves are located in the medulla?

A

CN9-CN12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the olfactory nerve exit?

A

cribiform pate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Where does the optic nerve exit?

A

optic canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What nerves exit through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN3-CN6 (however, only first branch of trigeminal nerve opthalamic nerve. second maxillary branch goes through rotundum and mandibular branch goes through ovale).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which nerves exit through the internal acoustic meatus?

A

CN7 and CN8

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which nerves exit through the jugular foramen?

A

CN9-CN11

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Were does CN12 exit?

A

Hypoglossal canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the two components of the PNS?

A
  1. Motor (efferent) made up of Somatic (skeletal), Visceral (smooth) and Special (muscles of pharyngeal arch pharynx and larynx)
  2. Sensory (afferent) made of Somatic (external heat, pain), Visceral (internal pain) and Special (hearing, taste)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Peripheral nerves covered by what three layers?

A

Endoneurium: covers individual nerves
Perineurium: corves multiple nerves to make a bundle
Epineurium: covering of bundles of nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Bundle of nerve cell bodies in PNS is called?

A

Ganglion (differs from CNS where it is a nucleus)

17
Q

Spinal nerves include everything except?

A

Cranial nerves

18
Q

What is a dermatome? which system?

A

Area of skin innervated by a single nerve, sensory region (only in somatic system)

19
Q

What is a myotome? which system?

A

Area of muscle mass innverated by a single nerve, motor region (only in somatic system)

20
Q

What two division make up the Visceral system or Autonomic system?

A
  1. Visceral Sensory (afferent): regulation of blood pressure/oxygen, pain sensations
  2. Visceral motor (efferent): parasympathetic and sympathetic
21
Q

Visceral motor nerves act on what three kinds of tissues?

A
  1. Cardiac muscle
  2. Smooth muscle
  3. Glands and secretory epithelia
22
Q

Which division of the visceral motor system plays a role in accommodation and pupil constriction?

A

Parasympathetic

23
Q

In autonomic nerves, how are messages relayed?

A

Pre-gnanglionic fibres emerge from cell body in grey matter of CNS, pregang then synapses with a post gang within a ganglion outside CNS either close to the effector organ in parasymp or close to the CNS in case of sympathetic, postgang fibres then travel from ganglion to muslce, gland or organ.

24
Q

The pre-gang neurotransmitter for both parasympathetic and sympathetic systems is?

A

Acetylcholine

25
Q

The postgang neurotransmitter for the parasymp system is? symp system?

A
  1. acetylcholine

2. norepinephrine (exception is sweat glands which use acetylcholine).

26
Q

Where are the ganglions located in the sympathetic system?

A

Near spinal column

27
Q

Paravertebral Ganglia are located where?

A

linked to form left and right sympathetic trunks or chins on each side of vertebra column.

28
Q

Prevertebral ganglia include what regions and located where?

A

include abdomen, lumbar and sacral regions, ganglions are located farther away from spinal cord rather than sympathetic trunk.

29
Q

What are the four different routes a sympathetic nerve can take before synapsing with a sympathetic ganglion?

A
  1. Ascend and synapse at a higher level (like sympathetic supply to head)
  2. Stay at the same level and synapse (like sympathetic supply to body wall)
  3. Descend and synapse at a lower level (like sympathetic supply to lower limbs)
  4. Pass through without synapsing (like sympathetic supply to viscera)
30
Q

The three main groups of sympathetic nerves that emerge from the spinal cord are?

A
  1. Cephalic arterial nerves -head
  2. Cardiopulmonary nerves- heart/lungs
  3. Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves- abdomen and pelvis
31
Q

Sympathetic nerves emerge from where? within what regions? and synapse where?

A

emerge from spinal cord within thoracic and upper lumbar region and synapse within the sympathetic trunk.

32
Q

Because the sympathetic nerves emerge from the spinal cord in the thoracic and lumbar regions they are sometimes called?

A

Thoraco-lumbar nerves

33
Q

Where do the pregang parasympathetic nerves emerge from? and where are their ganglions located?

A

emerge from CNS from brain and sacral regions and ganglions are located close to site of action.

34
Q

What are the four ganglion for parasympathetic nerves that are especially important for the head and neck region?

A
  1. Ciliary ganglion: orbit behind eyeball this is where CN3 synapses (parasymp branch of nerve)
  2. Pterygopalatine Ganglion: in pterygopalatine fossa this is where CN7 synapses
  3. Submandibular ganglion: CN7 also synapses here
  4. Otic ganglion: where CN9 synapses. located in infratemporal fossa.
35
Q

Because the pregang parasymp nerves emerge from the brain or sacral region they are called?

A

cranio-sacral nerves.

36
Q

The four special afferent nerves are?

A
  1. Smell: olfactory nerve
  2. Hearing: CN8 auditory nerve
  3. Balance: CN8
  4. Taste: ant 2/3 of tongue CN7, post. 1/3 CN9
37
Q

The special efferent nerves innervate what? which muscles?

A

innervate striated muscle derived from pharyngeal arches. palate, pharynx and larynx.

Anatomy (18 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions