Lecture: Tissues

Question 1

Body Organization

Answer 1

Atoms→Cells→Molecules→Tissues

Question 2

Histology

Answer 2

Study of Tissues

Question 3

4 basic types of tissues

Answer 3

1. Epithelial
2. Connective
3. Muscle
4. Neural

Question 4

Transmission Electron Microscope

Answer 4

“Transmits” electrons through the specimen

Question 5

Scanning electron microscope

Answer 5

Produce a 3D image of the surface

Question 6

Divisions of epithelial tissue

Answer 6

1. Epithelia
2. Glands

Question 7

Epithelia has what kind of layers?

Answer 7

Avascular layers

Question 8

2 types of glands

Answer 8

1. Exocrine glands
2. Endocrine glands

Question 9

Exocrine glands function

Answer 9

Secrete onto external surfaces or into ducts

Question 10

Endocrine glands function

Answer 10

Secrete hormones into interstitial fluid

Question 11

What happens after the hormones are secreted into the interstitial fluid?

Answer 11

Hormones are then distributed by the bloodstream

Question 12

Functions of Epithelial Tissues

Answer 12

1. Provide physical protection
2. Control permeability
3. Provide sensation
4. Produce specialized secretions

Question 13

Neuroepithelium is found in which function of epithelial tissues?

Answer 13

Providing sensation

Question 14

Neuroepithelium

Answer 14

Sensory epithelium found in special sense organs

Question 15

What are the 2 surfaces?

Answer 15

1. Apical surface
2. Base

Question 16

Apical surface

Answer 16

Faces exterior of or internal

Question 17

Base

Answer 17

Attached to underlying tissues

Question 18

Basolateral surface

Answer 18

Includes base and sides (lateral surfaces) attached to neighboring cells

Question 19

Polarity (two sides to it)

Answer 19

Refers to structural differences between exposed and attached surfaces.

Question 20

Apical surface features:

Answer 20

1. Lumen
2. Microvilli
3. Cilia

Question 21

Lumen

Answer 21

The apical surface is exposed to space inside the tube

Question 22

Microvilli

Answer 22

Found on the surface of the digestive, urinary, and reproductive tracts

Question 23

Cilia

Answer 23

Found on the surface in parts of the respiratory and reproductive tracts

Question 24

Characteristics of epithelia

Answer 24

1. Avascular
2. Provide physical protection
3. Provide sensation
4. Provide secretion
5. Highly regenerative
6. Can have polarity
7. Have specialized structures depending on location

Question 25

What does epithelia lack?

Answer 25

Blood vessels (avascular)

Question 26

Types of intercellular connections:

Answer 26

1. Hemidesmosomes 2. Tight (Occluding) junctions 3. Adhesion belts 4. Gap junctions 5. Desmosomes

Question 27

Hemidesomes

Answer 27

Attach to the deepest epithelial cells to BASEMENT MEMBRANE

Question 28

What are hemidesmosomes made of?

Answer 28

1. Base lamina (amorphous layer) 2. Reticular lamina

Question 29

Base lamina (amorphous layer)

Answer 29

1. Contains glycoproteins and fine protein filaments 2. Produced by basal surface of epithelium

Question 30

Reticular lamina

Answer 30

1. Contains bundles of coarse reticular protein fibers 2. GIves strength and restricts diffusion

Question 31

Connexons

Answer 31

Interlocked transmembrane proteins that hold gap junctions together

Question 32

Gap junction function

Answer 32

Assist chemical COMMUNICATION to help coordinate functions ex. secretion or beating cilia

Question 33

Cell adhesion molecules (CAMS)

Answer 33

A thin layer of PROTEOGLYCANS may bond

Question 34

What do des