Lecture Two Flashcards
(16 cards)
What did Warrington and Shallice advance was JBRs problem?
Argued that his problems were to do with recognizing and naming objects from their sensory properties rather than their functional properties.
What area does herpes simplex encephalitis tend to affect?
The temporal lobes.
What areas might be related to the preservation of functional knowledge in JBR?
The relative preservation of frontal and parietal regions
Why do you rarely see temporal pole damage in stroke patients?
The temporal poles are supplied by two different arteries (middle cerebral and posterior cerebral).
If one blood supply is disrupted with other artery will increase to compensate.
What is anomia?
Word finding difficulties
Know what the item is but can’t think of the word
Parallels tip of the tongue state.
Dell, Levelt advanced the speech output lexicon. What is this?
What is the theory behind it?
Its the mental component containing a representation for each word in a speakers vocabulary.
In word retrieval a meaning is used to access the appropriate entry in the lexicon which then releases / activates the appropriate spoken word form.
If the speech output lexicon is true then what should patients show?
-Preserved semantics
-Preserved phonology
-intact grammar
and impaired word retrieval.
What is the left hemisphere specialized for in speech perception?
a) extracting speech sounds
b) distinguishing phonemes that depend on fine perceptual analysis
c) adapting to differences between speakers.
What are the key areas in speech perception?
Key areas are primary auditory cortex, surrounding parts of the superior temporal region including Wernickes area.
What is pure word deafness?
Patients can hear the sound of the speech but cannot discriminate the phonemes especially consonants.
What does understanding spoken words involve?
It involves the ventral route connecting auditory cortex to the anterior temporal lobe.
Which area does the processing of heard sentences involve?
Involves Brocas area - left inferior frontal gyrus.
Describe the route that is used for repeating non words.
A dorsal, non semantic route.
Proceeds from the auditory cortex via Wernickes area, the angular gyrus (possible phonological buffer) and the inferior frontal gyrus to the speech motor cortex.
Patients with deep dysphasia are unable to produce non words. What does this imply damage to?
The dorsal route.
Deep dysphasiacs also make semantic errors when repeating familiar words. What does this suggest damage to?
Suggests that they are repeating via damaged semantic representations.
What is the role of the right hemisphere?
Combining the meanings of sentences
Understanding of non-literal meanings
Involved in melody in singing.
