LECTURE WEEK 1

Question 1

the identification of elements and answers the question “what?”

Answer 1

Qualitative

Question 2

Qualitative Analysis measures changes in:

Answer 2

color, melting point, boiling point, taste, odor, reactivity, solubility

Question 3

answers the question “how much” and is expressed in concentration; are also numerical data

Answer 3

Quantitative Analysis

Question 4

2 kinds of Quantitative Analysis:

Answer 4

Instrumental, Classical

Question 5

uses no mechanical/electrical equipment and relies on chemical reaction

Answer 5

classical chemical analysis

Question 6

uses scientific instrument to analytes

Answer 6

instrumental chemical analysis

Question 7

it is the formation of gas bubbles in a liquid by chemical reaction

Answer 7

effervescence

Question 8

components of sample that are to be determined

Answer 8

analytes

Question 9

remainder of sample

Answer 9

sample matrix

Question 10

Analytical Methods:

Answer 10

Classical, Instrumental, Qualitative, Quantitative

Question 11

Physical properties of analytes:

Answer 11

conductivity, electrode potential, mass-to-charge ratio, light emission absorption, fluorescence

Question 12

Quantitative Analysis can be divided into:

Answer 12

Classical, Instrumental

Question 13

it depends on simple chemical technique to determine mass and volume

Answer 13

Classical chemical analysis

Question 14

Classical chemical analysis uses techniques:

Answer 14

Volumetric, Gravimetric

Question 15

measure volume of a solution containing sufficient reagent to meet completely with analyte

Answer 15

volumetric method of classical chemical analysis

Question 16

determine mass of analyte or compound chemically related to it

Answer 16

gravimetric method of classical chemical analysis

Question 17

analysis that depends on physical properties of the sample where there is no reaction involved

Answer 17

Instrumental Analysis

Question 18

complex devices that instrumental analysis depends on:

Answer 18

electroanalytical method, spectroscopic method, miscallenous method

Question 19

involves the measurement of electrical properties

Answer 19

electroanalytical method

Question 20

based on measurement of the interaction between electromagnetic radiation and analyte atoms or molecules

Answer 20

spectroscopic method

Question 21

an analysis involves several steps and operations which depends on:

Answer 21

the problem, the expertise, and apparatus

Question 22

steps in analytical analysis:

Answer 22

1. define the problem
2. select a method
3. obtain a representative sample
4. sample preparation
5. chemical separation
6. perform measurement
7. calculation

Question 23

reproducibility of test result

Answer 23

precision

Question 24

how close a measured value is to the true value

Answer 24

accuracy

Question 25

most preferred sample is not solid but

Answer 25

liquid

Question 26

analyte should be separated from

Answer 26

sample matrix

Question 27

Macro-analysis has a sample size of

Answer 27

> 0.1 g

Question 28

Semimicro-analysis has a sample size of

Answer 28

0.01 to 0.1 g

Question 29

micro-analysis has a sample size of:

Answer 29

0.0001 to 0.01 g

Question 30

ultramicro-analysis has a sample size of:

Answer 30

<10^-4 g

Question 31

major constituent has an analyte level of

Answer 31

1 to 100%

Question 32

minor constituent has an analyte level of

Answer 32

0.01 (100ppm) to 1%

Question 33

Trace constituent has an analyte level of

Answer 33

1 ppb to 100 ppm

Question 34

Ultra-trace constituent has an analyte level of

Answer 34

< 1 ppb

Question 35

it is the extraneous species in matrix that interferes in real samples

Answer 35

matrix effects

Question 36

process by which a representative fraction is acquired from a material

Answer 36

sampling

Question 37

it is the most difficult aspect of analysis

Answer 37

sampling

Question 38

sampling for chemical analysis requires

Answer 38

statistics

Question 39

items chosen for analysis

Answer 39

sampling units or sampling increments

Question 40

collection of sampling items

Answer 40

gross sample

Question 41

miniature replica of the entire mass to be analyzed

Answer 41

gross sample

Question 42

the number of particles required in a gross sample ranges from

Answer 42

few particles to 10^12 particles

Question 43

why does well-mixed solution of gases and liquids require a very small sample?

Answer 43

they are homogenous down to molecular level

Question 44

sampling metals and alloys are required by

Answer 44

sawing, milling, drilling

Question 45

lead to higher throughput

Answer 45

automated sample handling

Question 46

it has higher reliability and lower cost than manual sample handling

Answer 46

automated sample handling

Question 47

mimics the operation that would be performed manually

Answer 47

discrete (batch) method

Question 48

sample is inserted into a flowing stream where a number of operations can be performed prior to transporting it to a flow-through detector

Answer 48

continuous flow method