LectureNote 01

Question 1

What is modeling?

Answer 1

Modeling is the process of representing a model which includes its construction and working.

Question 2

What does a model represent?

Answer 2

A model is a representation of a real world phenomenon or elements

Question 3

Define simulation.

Answer 3

Simulation is the process of creating a model of an existing or proposed system to identify and understand factors controlling the system.

Question 4

What is the purpose of a computer model?

Answer 4

A computer model is a simulation or model of a real-world situation that has parameters the user can alter.

Question 5

List the three main objectives of simulation studies.

Answer 5

• To Describe a Current System
• To Explore a Hypothetical System
• To Design an Improved System

Question 6

What is a physical model?

Answer 6

A physical model is a tangible, scaled-down version of a system, such as prototypes or architectural models.

Question 7

What is a mathematical model?

Answer 7

A mathematical model is represented using mathematical expressions, equations, or algorithms.

Question 8

Define deterministic models.

Answer 8

Deterministic models have all inputs and outputs known with certainty and contain fixed constants.

Question 9

What are stochastic models?

Answer 9

Stochastic models incorporate randomness, with outputs that are probabilistic and involve uncertain variables.

Question 10

What is the difference between static and dynamic models?

Answer 10

Static models do not change over time, while dynamic models evolve over time and show system changes.

Question 11

What are descriptive models?

Answer 11

Descriptive models explain the behavior or structure of a system.

Question 12

What do predictive models do?

Answer 12

Predictive models forecast future behavior or conditions.

Question 13

What is the advantage of using models?

Answer 13

Models are safer, less expensive, and easier to control than real-world counterparts.

Question 14

What is the historical significance of the year 1940 in simulation?

Answer 14

In 1940, the method named ‘Monte Carlo’ was developed by researchers working on the Manhattan project.

Question 15

What was developed in 1960 related to simulation?

Answer 15

The first special-purpose simulation languages, such as SIMSCRIPT, were developed.

Question 16

What advancements occurred in simulation during the 1980s?

Answer 16

PC-based simulation software, graphical user interfaces, and object-oriented programming were developed.

Question 17

Fill in the blank: A model in science often represents a particular thing with a set of _______.

Answer 17

[variables]

Question 18

True or False: Models in science are always physical objects.

Answer 18

False

Question 19

What is the process of simulation modeling?

Answer 19

Simulation modeling is the process of creating and analyzing a digital prototype of a physical model to predict its performance.

Question 20

What is the role of verification and validation in modeling and simulation?

Answer 20

Verification and validation ensure that the model accurately represents the real-world system and behaves as intended.

Question 21

What is Monte Carlo simulation used for?

Answer 21

Monte Carlo simulation is used to study neutron scattering and other probabilistic processes.

Question 22

List types of models based on their purpose.

Answer 22

• Descriptive Models
• Predictive Models
• Prescriptive Models

Question 23

What is a special-purpose simulation language developed by Harry Markowitz?

Answer 23

SIMSCRIPT

Developed at the RAND Corporation.

Question 24

What significant advancements occurred in simulation from 1980?

Answer 24

PC-based simulation software, graphical user interfaces, and object-oriented programming.

Question 25

What developments in simulation were made in the 1990s?

Answer 25

Web-based simulation, fancy animated graphics, simulation-based optimization, Markov-chain Monte Carlo methods.

Question 26

What is the primary focus of modelling?

Answer 26

Creating the model.

Question 27

What does simulation involve?

Answer 27

Experimenting with the model to observe its behaviour.

Question 28

How does modelling differ from simulation in terms of analysis?

Answer 28

Modelling is static; simulation deals with dynamic analysis.

Question 29

List the components of simulation models.

Answer 29

* System entities * Input variables * Performance measures * Functional relationships

Question 30

What is the first step in developing a simulation model?

Answer 30

Examine the real-world situation.

Question 31

What is the second step in developing a simulation model?

Answer 31

Extract the essential features from the real world situation.

Question 32

What is involved in the third step of developing a simulation model?

Answer 32

Collect and start processing the system data.

Question 33

What is the fourth step in developing a simulation model?

Answer 33

Construct a model of the real system using the essential features.

Question 34

What is the purpose of validating the simulation model?

Answer 34

Comparing its performance under various conditions with the real system.

Question 35

What should be included in the documentation of a simulation model?

Answer 35

* Objectives * Assumptions * Input variables * Performance in detail

Question 36

What is the first step to perform simulation analysis?

Answer 36

Prepare a problem statement.

Question 37

What types of variables are involved in simulation?

Answer 37

* Decision variables * Uncontrollable variables

Question 38

How are decision variables defined in simulation?

Answer 38

Controlled by the programmer.

Question 39

What is the fifth step in performing simulation analysis?

Answer 39

Collect data from the real-life system.

Question 40

What is the seventh step in performing simulation analysis?

Answer 40

Choose an appropriate simulation software to run the model.

Question 41

What is a major advantage of modelling and simulation?

Answer 41

Easy to understand how the system operates without real-time systems.

Question 42

How does modelling and simulation facilitate system upgrades?

Answer 42

Determines system requirements by applying different configurations.

Question 43

What is a disadvantage of modelling and simulation?

Answer 43

Designing a model requires domain knowledge, training, and experience.

Question 44

What is a common application area for modelling and simulation?

Answer 44

Military applications.

Question 45

What is one way modelling and simulation can enhance decision-making?

Answer 45

Facilitates understanding of complex systems through visualization.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: Simulation results are difficult to _______.

Answer 46

translate.

Question 47

What is the ninth step in performing simulation analysis?

Answer 47

Perform an experiment on the model by changing variable values.

Question 48

What is the distinction between modelling and a model?

Answer 48

Modelling is the process; a model is the output of that process.

Question 49

What is the main objective of simulation?

Answer 49

To experiment with models to predict system behavior.