Lectures 1-3

Question 1

Characteristics of a Covalent Bond

Answer 1

Strong, Short, Share electrons

Question 2

Characteristics of a non covalent bond

Answer 2

Weak, Long, Attraction only

Question 3

Protein: Monomer, Polymer and name of bond between monomers

Answer 3

Amino Acid, Polypeptide, Peptide

Question 4

Carbohydrates: Monomer, Polymer and name of bond between monomers

Answer 4

Monosaccharide, Polysaccharide, Glycosidic

Question 5

Lipids: Monomer, Polymer and name of bond between monomers

Answer 5

Fatty acid, Glycerol, Sphingosine Derivative; Triacylglycerol, phospholipid; ester

Question 6

Nucleic Acids: Monomer, Polymer and name of bond between monomers

Answer 6

Nucleotide, Polynucleotide, Phosphodiester

Question 7

What causes waters strange physical properties

Answer 7

Hydrogen bonding properties

Question 8

Specific Heat

Answer 8

Amount of energy needed to change the temp of 1g of a substance by 1 degree C

Question 9

Heat of vaporization

Answer 9

The amount of energy needed to change the temp of 1g of a substance from a liquid to a gas

Question 10

Hydrogen bonds ______ energy to break and ______ energy to form

Answer 10

Use, Release

Question 11

Cohesion

Answer 11

Attraction to self ie H2O to H2O

Question 12

Adhesion

Answer 12

Attraction to other ie H2O to another polar substance

Question 13

What creates surface surface tension in water

Answer 13

Cohesion

Question 14

What occurs when cohesion and adhesion work together

Answer 14

Capillary action

Question 15

Why is water considered a universal solvent

Answer 15

Having both a positive and negative end causes water to be able to be attracted to more molecules thus being able to maintain broken bonds in other solvents by blocking the individual molecules

Question 16

Hydrophillic

Answer 16

Dissolves in water: water loving, polar molecules

Question 17

Hydrophobic

Answer 17

Separates from water: water fearing, nonpolar molecules

Question 18

Amiphipathic

Answer 18

Molecules containing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic parts

Question 19

Noncovalent interaction ____ to break and _____ energy when formed

Answer 19

Use, release

Question 20

Covalent bonds ____ energy when broken and ____ energy to form

Answer 20

Release, use

Question 21

Strong acid: Larger or smaller Ka, Larger or smaller pKa, Larger or smaller energy of interaction

Answer 21

Larger, Smaller, Smaller

Question 22

Weak acid: Larger or smaller Ka, Larger or smaller pKa, Larger or smaller energy of interaction

Answer 22

Smaller, Larger, Larger

Question 23

Weak Base: Larger or smaller Kb, Larger or smaller pKb, Larger or smaller energy of interaction

Answer 23

Larger, Smaller, Larger

Question 24

If pH < pKa then molecules are ______

Answer 24

Pronated

Question 25

If pH > pKa then molecules are ______

Answer 25

Depronated

Question 26

If pH = pKa then the molecules ______

Answer 26

Are just as likely to be pronated as depronated

Question 27

If pH < pl then the molecule has a _____ charge

Answer 27

Positive

Question 28

If pH > pl then the molecule has a _____ charge

Answer 28

Negative

Question 29

if pH = pl then the molecule has ____ charge

Answer 29

No net

Question 30

First law of thermodynamics

Answer 30

Energy is neither created nor destroyed in a closed system

Question 31

Kinetic Energy

Answer 31

Motion, performing work

Question 32

Potential Energy

Answer 32

Position, potential to do work

Question 33

Second law of thermodynamics

Answer 33

Disorder is decreasing

Question 34

Anabolic Reaction

Answer 34

Small molecules are assembled into large ones, Energy is required

Question 35

Catabolic Reaction

Answer 35

Large molecules are broken down into small ones, Energy is released

Question 36

Gibbs free energy equation

Answer 36

ΔG=ΔH-TΔS, T is in Kelvin

Question 37

ΔG

Answer 37

Change in available/usable energy (Gibbs free energy)

Question 38

ΔH

Answer 38

Change in the total energy (enthalpy) in the system

Question 39

ΔS

Answer 39

Change in disorder (entropy)

Question 40

Negative ΔH

Answer 40

Energy is released from the system

Question 41

Positive ΔH

Answer 41

Energy is added to the system

Question 42

ΔH = 0

Answer 42

Closed system

Question 43

Negative ΔS

Answer 43

Disorder decreases

Question 44

Positive ΔS

Answer 44

Disorder increases

Question 45

ΔS = 0

Answer 45

No change in disorder

Question 46

Negative ΔG

Answer 46

Free energy released, exergonic reaction, favorable reaction, spontaneous reaction

Question 47

Positive ΔG

Answer 47

Free energy required, endergonic reaction, unfavorable reaction, driven reaction

Question 48

ΔG = 0

Answer 48

Equilibrium

Question 49

Transition state

Answer 49

A high energy, unstable form of the reactants that is ready to form products

Question 50

Activation energy

Answer 50

An energy barrier that must be overcome for the reaction to proceed

Question 51

Q

Answer 51

Equilibrium constant

Question 52

If Q = K

Answer 52

Reaction is at equilibrium

Question 53

Q < K

Answer 53

Reaction proceeds towards products

Question 54

K > Q

Answer 54

Reaction proceeds toward reactants