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Culture and the arts > Lectures 1-5 > Flashcards

Lectures 1-5 Flashcards

1
Q

When was the term ‘avant garde’ first used and by who?

A

Saint Simon first used the term in 1852

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2
Q

When was the double revolution in France?

A

La période entre la révolution politique commençant en 1789 et la révolution industrielle

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3
Q

What were indicators of modernity?

A

Usine vs campagne
Beauté du carburateur
Monet vs Gérôme

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4
Q

What did the war cause?

A

Fin de l’ère de l’individu et productions culturelles massives

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5
Q

When was the ‘loi de la liberté de la presse’ introduced and by who?

A

Eugène Lisbonne on 29th July 1881

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6
Q

What does the ‘loi de la liberté de la presse’ do?

A

Protect all journalists

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7
Q

What years were the era of information and mechanics?

A

1870-1890

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8
Q

What 2 art movements were popular between 1870-1890?

A

Impressionism and art nouveau

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9
Q

What happened in 1882?

A

Mass alphabetisation

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10
Q

When was relativity discovered?

A

1905

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11
Q

Political groups in 1890-1910

A

Socialism and SFIO

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12
Q

What is the SFIO?

A

Section françiase de l’internationale ouvrière

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13
Q

Between what years were abstract art and cubism popular?

A

1890-1910

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14
Q

When was the Bolshevik revolution?

A

1917

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15
Q

When was ww1?

A

1914-1918

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16
Q

What was a catalytic factor for the start of ww1?

A

The assassination of Franz Ferdinand in june 1914

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17
Q

When was the term ‘impressionism’ first used and by who?

A

Louis Leroy in 1874

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18
Q

In what context was the term ‘impressionism’ first used ?

A

It was used in reference to Monet’s ‘Impression, soleil levant’ (1872)

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19
Q

What was at the heart of impressionism?

A

Academic rejection

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20
Q

Name 4 impressonist painters

A

Edouard Manet
Claude Monet
Gustave Caillebotte
Pierre Auguste Renoir

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21
Q

When was Edouard Manet born and when did he die?

A

1832-1883

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22
Q

What impressionist artist was born in 1840 and died in 1926?

A

Claude Monet

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23
Q

Gustave Caillebotte was alive between what years?

A

1848 and 1894

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24
Q

When was Pierre Auguste Renoir born and when did he die?

A

1841 to 1926

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25
Q

Give 3 characteristics of impressionist art

A
  • Aspects of daily life
  • Scenes and objects seen as vulgar such as naked women
  • Fleeting moments
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26
Q

What was the salon system between 1863 and 1903

A

1.Salon des Refusés 1863
2.Sociéte anonyme des artistes, peintures, sculptures, gravuers est créée en 1873
3.L’exhibition impressioniste 1874
4.Salon des indépendantes 1884
5.Le Salon d’Autonome 1903

27
Q

Why was impressionist art rejected during the second empire?

A

It wasn’t seen as traditional and often reflected areas of life that were vulgar

28
Q

When and why was the Eiffel tower constructed?

A

It was built in 1889 for the Exposition Universelle

29
Q

Who was Baron Haussmann?

A

le préfet de la Seine entre 1853 et 1870

30
Q

How many people lived in Paris in 1861?

A

1.7 million

31
Q

How many people lived in Paris in 1911?

A

3 Million

32
Q

In which years were the most important expositions universelles?

A

1878, 1889, 1900

33
Q

What were the motivations of Haussmannisation?

A

Hygiène, economie and politiques

34
Q

What epidemic took over Paris during 1800s

A

Choléra

35
Q

Who was Charles Renouvier, what did he does and when was he alive?

A

Né en 1815 et mort en 1903, il était un philosophe qui fonde le néo-criticisme et créé le terme “uchronie”

36
Q

When was the French national anthem written and by who?

A

La Marseillaise était écrit en 1792 par Claude Joseph rouget de Lisle

37
Q

What are the 2 ‘lois scolaires de Jules Ferry?

A

16 juin 1881: l’école gratuite
28 mars 1882 : sécularisation de l’éducation et obligation de l’enseignement primaire

38
Q

Who is ‘La Marianne’?

A

La Marianne est une figure symbolique de la République française

39
Q

Give 3 symbolic measures of the 3rd republic

A

The National Anthem
Bastille Day - 14 juillet (reprend la fête de la Fédértion de 1790) en 1880
Amnistie pour les condamnés de la Commune (1879)

40
Q

What does ‘La Marianne’ represent?

A

la République française et ses valeurs contenues dans la devise : « Liberté, Égalité, Fraternité »

41
Q

When and who painted La liberté guidant le peuple, 1830’ ?

A

Eugène Delacroix - 28 juillet 1830

42
Q

Where are the 2 statues of La Marianne in Paris?

A

Place de la République (11ème arrondissement) – 1883

Place de la Nation (à la frontière entre le 11ème et le 12ème arrondissement) – 1899

43
Q

What does the statue of La Marianne in Place de la Nation represent?

A

La statue représente le travail, la force publique, l’équité et la liberté

44
Q

What was the Dreyfus affair?

A

Jewish army captain Alfred Dreyfus was falsely accused of sending secret messages to the German military

45
Q

When was Alfred Dreyfus born?

A

9 October 1859

46
Q

What date did Dreyfus’ ‘mock trial’ take place on ?

A

5 January 1895

47
Q

How many soldiers and spectators watches Dreyfus’ trial?

A

4000 soldiers and 20,000 spectators

48
Q

Who discovered the real culprit of what Dreyfus had been accused of doing?

A

Lieutenant Colonel Georges Picard

49
Q

Who was the real culprit of sending messages to the Germans in the Dreyfus affair?

A

French commander Esterhazy

50
Q

What did the French army do when they found out Dreyfus was innocent and why?

A

They categorically refused to acknowledge it because of anti-semitism

51
Q

Name 4 Dreyfusards

A

Zola
Anatole France
Georges Clemenceau
Léon Blum

52
Q

When did Émile Zola publish ‘j’accuse’?

A

13 Janvier 1898

53
Q

How many people read Zola’s ‘j’accuse’ in the first 24 hours 3

A

300,000

54
Q

What year was Dreyfus deported and to where?

A

In 1895, he was deported to Devil’s Island in Guyana

55
Q

When was ‘La ligue des droits de l’homme’ created?

A

February 1898

56
Q

When was Dreyfus’ second trial and where?

A

1899 in Rennes

57
Q

When did Émile Zola mysteriously die?

A

29 september 1902

58
Q

What year did a vital piece of evidence in the Dreyfus case get found?

A

In August 1898, a document that supposedly turned out to prove Dreyfus’ guilt was found to be forged

59
Q

What year was Dreyfus’ innocence definitively recognised?

A

1906

60
Q

When was Dreyfus reinstated in the army and what position was he made?

A

in 1906 he was made a ‘chevalier de la légion d’honneur’

61
Q

What were the driving factors of anti-dreyfusards?

A

Anti-semitism and nationalism

62
Q

Who wrote ‘les preuves : Affaire Dreyfus’ and when was it published?

A

Jean Jaurès in 1898

63
Q

What type of students were Dreyfusards and how many were there estimated to be?

A

40,000 new science, literature and languages students

Culture and the arts (2 decks)

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