lectures

Question 1

Gizzarditis caused by worms

Answer 1

disease of geese

Pathogen: Amidostomum anseris

Question 2

Ulcerative enteritis

Answer 2

quail disease

Question 3

Necrotic enteritis

Answer 3

Clostridium perfringens A or C
Small intestine (jejunum and ileum, sometimes in caecum)

Question 4

Ulcerative enteritis

Answer 4

Clostridium colinum
1-3 mm wide red ulcers
– in the small- and large intestines
– Surrounded by a necrotic ring + fibrin

Question 5

Bacterial diseases accompanied with enteritis

Answer 5

Fowl typhoid/pullorum disease
 – salmonellosis
– Fowlcholera
– Yersiniosis
– Enteric form of Coli-granulomatosis 
• Hjärre-disease
– Intestinal lesions in case of tuberculosis

Question 6

tuberculosis

Answer 6

Mycobacterium avium
infection: per os
primary complex:
• in the mucous membrane of the intestine
– Followed by early generalization

Question 7

Viral enteritides

Answer 7

Parvovirus enteritis
• Adenovirus enteritis 
• Astrovirus enteritis
• Reovirus enteritis
• Rotavirus enteritis
• Coronavirus enteritis
• PEMS
– poult enteritis mortality syndrome

Question 8

Viral diseases accompanied with

enteritis

Answer 8

Newcastle disease
• Avian influenza
• Duck plague, duck viral enteritis
• Hemorrhagic enteritis of turkey 
– adenovirus enteritis

Question 9

Newcastle disease

Answer 9

velogenic strains
– fatal viraemia in all age

• mesogenic strains

– In young chicks:
• viraemia
• respiratory disease

– adult:
• nervous symptoms
• Layers: hypopigmented eggs

lentogenic and apathogen strains
– Mild disease (helps secondary pathogens)
– Vaccine production

Question 10

Newcastle disease Infection

Answer 10

– inhalation (aerosol)
– through conjunctiva
– per os

Question 11

ND velogen-viscerotrop form

Answer 11

– viraemia
– lesions in the intestines
– nervous signs

multiple haemorrhages
Intestinal lesions
conjuctivitis
• rhinitis
• cyanotic appendices on the head
• swelling of the tissues around the eyes and neck
• brain and spinal cord lesions

Question 12

ND velogen- neurotropic form

Answer 12

– viraemia
– respiratory lesions
– nervous signs

No intestinal lesions are seen!

Question 13

Newcastle disease

• Malfunction of the oviduct in layers

Answer 13

seen both in the velogen-viscerotrop and in the velogen-pneumotrop forms

Question 14

Avian influenza infection:

Answer 14

– direct contact, saliva
– respiratory discharge, aerogenous
– virus contaminated water or feed, per os
– the virus is spread by wild birds

Question 15

Avian influenza main features and pathology

Answer 15

viraemia
– general febrile status
• haemorrhages – respiratory
– GI
– genital
– nervous
– rapid death – (even 100%)

Pathology:
• conjunctivitis,
lacrimation
• edema of the head • cyanotic wattles

Question 16

Duck plague

Answer 16

duck viral enteritis
Alphaherpesvirinae
duck enteritis virus (DEV)
lifelong carrier state and shedding
infection:
– direct contant
– fomites
– Live water

Question 17

Duck plague replication site of virus

Answer 17

in the lymph follicles, in the macrophages

viraemia follows
– virus reaches all the organs
• liver, mucous membranes, immune organs

Question 18

Duck plague Pathology:

Answer 18

multiple hemorrhages
– edema in the subcutaneous connective tissue
necrotic foci in the liver : nuclear inclusion bodies in the esophagus and cloaca too.
phallus necrosis.

Question 19

Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis

Answer 19

adenovirus
Infection: per os horizontal
• with the feces of infected animals
in 4-11 week-old flocks

Question 20

Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis replication site of virus

Answer 20

enteric lymph follicles and enterocytes.

viraemia follows
– Immuno-suppression develops!
• often secondary diseases occur

Question 21

Turkey hemorrhagic enteritis pathology

Answer 21

Bloody content in the intestines
enlargement of the spleen „Marble spleen”
later atrophy of the spleen parenchyma follows
– the primary lymph organs atrophy too:
Thymus and bursa fabricii

Question 22

Viral diseases accompanied with enteritis

Answer 22

Enteric form of Derzsy’s disease
• Hemorrhagic Nephritis Enteritis of Geese
– Goose Hemorrhagic Polyomavirus
• Duck viral hepatitis

Question 23

Main Pathology of the caecum

Answer 23

Caesous colitis

Histomonosis

Question 24

Main Pathology of the colorectum

Answer 24

Intestinal (enteral) spirochaetosis

Coccidiosis

Question 25

Intestinal spirochaetosis

Answer 25

Spirochaetales, Brachyspiraceae intestinal lesions – kidney failure, uricosis

Question 26

Intestinal coccidiosis

Answer 26

Eimeria ssp. ``` Acute catarrhal enteritis • Fibrinous enteritis – croupous, diphteric • Hemorrhagic enteritis • Ulcerative enteritis • Necrotic enteritis • Chronic enteritis ```

Question 27

E. acervulina

Answer 27

1. in the first part of the small intestine

Question 28

E. necatrix, E. mitis, E. maxima

Answer 28

2. in the middle part of | the small intestine

Question 29

E. brunetti

Answer 29

4.in the colorectum

Question 30

E. tenella

Answer 30

3. in the caecum

Question 31

Fatty liver and kidney syndrome in broilers

Answer 31

in fast growing, meat type hybrids • from the 3. week of age – Severe fatty infiltration in • liver, kidney, heart muscle – growth rate decreases – Suspected cause: lack of biotin

Question 32

Liver Amyloidosis

Answer 32

markedly enlarged, pale, firm • green due to cholestasis Insoluable fibrillar protein depositioning in the tissues seen : after caseous typhlitis - often in geese • after multiple vaccination against fowl cholera • after chronic tuberculosis or purulent pododermatitis • after inflammation of the phallus

Question 33

Bacterial diseases with hepatitis

Answer 33

``` Fowl typhoid/pullorum disease – salmonellosis – Arizonosis – Fowl cholera – Campylobacter-hepatitis – Borreliosis – Yersiniosis – Chlamydiosis ```

Question 34

Viral diseases with hepatitis

Answer 34

– inclusion body hepatitis – duck viral enteritis – pigeon herpes virus infection – avian hepatitis-E-virus infection

Question 35

Fowl typhoid/pullorum disease

Answer 35

``` chicken Obligate, specific pathogens Salmonella pullorum – causes disease in young chickens only – inapparent infection in adult birds – pullorum disease ``` • Salmonella gallinarum – causes in any age – fowl typhoid

Question 36

Fowl typhoid infection

Answer 36

infection: – vertically (via egg) – horizontally (per os)

Question 37

Fowl typhoid main features

Answer 37

septicaemia | • before the septicaemia intestinal lesions may occur!

Question 38

Salmonellosis in birds

Answer 38

``` Main feature of the disease: – either enteral disease only – or septicaemia – or both forms occur simultaneously – or inapparent infection with shedding of bacteria ```

Question 39

causes the most often diagnosed human salmonellosis

Answer 39

S. enteritidis

Question 40

Arizonosis

Answer 40

Salmonella arizonae | Reptiles and turkey

Question 41

Fowl cholera

Answer 41

Pasteurella multocida | all birds but most sensitive = turkey

Question 42

Acute fowl cholera

Answer 42

``` virulent strains of Pasteurella multocida Septicemia hepatitis-necrotic foci petechia under epicardium splenitis catarrhal enteritis ```

Question 43

Chronic fowl cholera

Answer 43

less virulent strains of Pasteurella multocida predisposing factors are needed • one organ or one organ-system is affected (inflammation) • septicaemia: rare ``` lungs and air sacs are infected directly – via aerogenous route • pericardium, peritoneum, ovary/oviduct – via bacteriaemia • ovary/oviduct via ascending route – through the cloaca • phallus directly from the environment – from the cloaca ```

Question 44

Campylobacter-hepatitis

Answer 44

``` Campylobacter jejuni septicaemia – liver lesions are secondary layer flocks only during the first trimester Predisposing factors are needed – intestinal coccidiosis – litter ingestion – mycotoxin contaminated feed – start of the egg laying ```

Question 45

Borreliosis

Answer 45

fowl tick is a biological vector | septicaemia

Question 46

Yersiniosis

Answer 46

pseudotuberculosis, rodentiosis Yersinia pseudotuberculosis septicaemia

Question 47

Chlamydiosis

Answer 47

psittacosis – ornithosis septicaemia