Lee & VanPatten. Ch 1 Flashcards
(25 cards)
ALM was predicated on the marriage of (..) and then-current (..)
behavioral psychology
structural linguistics
What is Structuralism?
A system in which each element in a group can only be understood by its relation to other elements as part of a larger structure
Who is the father of Structural Linguistics and when was this author’s major work published?
Ferdinand de Saussure
Course in General Linguistics, 1916
According to behaviorist psychology, all learning–verbal and nonverbal–takes place through the process of (..). Habits are formed through (.,., &.)
habit formation
repetition, imitation, and reinforcement
How were errors interpreted in ALM?
Errors were evidence of bad habits
With the advent of CLT, the instructor’s role changed. The instructor was no longer simply the drill leader but was also charged with providing students with opportunities for (.); that is, using the language to (.) or (.) real-life messages
communication
interpret
express
In early CLT, many instructors equated communication with (.)
Conversation
Given #1: SLA Involves the creation of an (…) or ILS
Implicit (unconscious) linguistic system
What is an ILS?
Implicit or Unconscious Linguistic System: A variety of components that interact in language use, i.e. words and grammatical inflections, a phonological system, etc.
In processing terms, what is the name given to the intake of language embedded in some kind of communicative interchange.
Input
What is Krashen’s strong claim within his input hypothesis (1982)? (as long as there is motivation and the right affective environment)
Comprehensible input causes acquisition.
Given #2: SLA is (.) and consists of (..)
Complex
Different Processes
As for the how of acquisition, at least three distinct sets of processes are involved in language acquisition, all of them going at the same time. What are these processes: (IP, SC, OP)
Input processing
System change
Output processing
What are the two sub-processes of System Change?
Accommodation
Restructuring
The way learners make sense out the language they hear and how they get “linguistic data” from it. This is the SLA process called what.
Input processing
This is the way learners actually incorporate a grammatical form or structure into the ILS they are creating. This sub-process is called…
Accommodation
The incorporation of form or structure can cause a ripple effect and make other things change without the learner ever knowing. This sub-process is called what
Restructuring
The way learners acquire the ability to make use of the implicit knowledge they are acquiring to produce utterances in real time. This process is called what.
Output processing
Given #3: SLA is (.) but (.)
Dynamic
Slow
What is the dynamic evolution of language learning related to?
Stages of development
What is the name for the sequential acquisition of various grammatical features over time without focusing of the acquisition of any particular item? (Certain elements of grammar are learned before others). It is an example of what
Acquisition orders, which is an example of the slowness of acquisition
Given #4: Most L2 learners fall short of (.-.) competence.
Native-like
Given #5: (..) is different from the creation of an implicit system
skill acquisition
It is one thing to develop some kind of (..). Being able to (.) it is altogether different.
implicit system
use
