LEED Class Flashcards
(158 cards)
1
Q
What does LEED stand for?
A
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design
2
Q
People are LEED _______
Buildings are LEED _________
A
Accredited professionals
Certified buildings
3
Q
ID+C Credit categories
A
- Integrative Process
- Location and Transportation
- Water Efficiency
- Energy and Atmosphere
- Materials and Resources
- Indoor Environmental Quality
- Innovation
- Regional Priority
4
Q
Minimum amount of credits to be LEED certified
A
40
5
Q
LEED platinum points:
A
80+
6
Q
LEED silver points:
A
50 - 60
7
Q
IDP stands for
A
Integrative design process
8
Q
This credit intends to support high-performance, cost-effective project outcomes through an early analysis of the interrelationships among systems.
A
Integrative Process Credit
9
Q
A written document that details the ideas, concepts, and criteria determined by the owner to be important to the success of the project.
(Programming)
A
Owner’s Project Requirements (OPR)
10
Q
The information necessary to accomplish the owner’s project requirements, including system descriptions, indoors environmental quality criteria, design assumptions, and references to applicable codes, standards, regulations, and guidelines.
(Design execution strategy)
A
Basis of Design (BOD)
11
Q
An intensive, multiparty workshop that brings people from different disciplines and backgrounds together to explore, generate, and collaboratively produce design options.
A
Charette
12
Q
OPR stands for
A
Owner’s Project Requirements
13
Q
BOD stands for
A
Basis of Design
14
Q
Process stages
A
- Discovery (Pre-design)
- Design and Construction (Implementation)
- Occupancy (Measurement/Performance Feedback)
15
Q
Site Selection and Energy-Related Systems
A
DISCOVERY
– Assess project potential based on project goals: Building site attributes, transportation, building features, occupants’ well-being
IMPLEMENTATION
– Document above analysis that will inform the site selection for the project, the OPR, and the BOD: Suitability and Capabilities, Commitment to gather occupant’s satisfaction
16
Q
Nonpotable Water
A
Water that does NOT meet drinking standards (e.g., rainwater, graywater, municipally supplied)
17
Q
Potable Water
A
Water that meets or exceeds U.S. EPA drinking water quality and approved for human consumption (e.g., municipally supplied)
18
Q
Process Water
A
Water that is used for industrial processes and building systems, such as cooling towers, boilers, and chillers; also used in dishwashers, laundry, and ice making
19
Q
Water-Related Systems
A
DISCOVERY
– Perform preliminary water budget analysis (before end of SD): Fixture and fitting water demand, process water demand, supply sources
IMPLEMENTATION
– Document above analysis that will inform the design decisions for the project, the OPR, and the BOD: Demonstrate at least one on-site nonpotable water supply source was used to reduce burden of municipal supply; Plumbing systems, sewage conveyance and/or on-site treatment systems, process water systems, methods to gather feedback, and other systems
20
Q
ASHRAE
A
American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air Conditioning Engineers
21
Q
The [Location + Transportation] credit encourages:
A
- Compact site development
- Alternative Transportation
- Community Connectivity and Networks
- Reducing Strain on Environment
- Reducing Urban Sprawl
22
Q
The [Location + Transportation] credit opportunities:
A
(no prerequisites) - LEED for Neighborhood Development Location – Surrounding Density and Diverse Uses – Access to Quality Transit – Bicycle Facilities – Reduced Parking Footprint
23
Q
Greenfield vs. Brownfield
A
Greenfield: untouched land (think parks)
Brownfield: sites that have been developed but need remediation
24
Q
F.A.R.
A
Floor-area-ratio (not including parking)
sq. ft. building / sq. ft. lot = FAR
25
EP
exemplary performance
26
Bicycle facilities requirements
- Entry within 200 yards of a bike network
- Storage
- Showers
27
FTE
Full Time Equivalent
(staff+visitors)
(full time employees) + (sum of daily PT employee hours / 8)
28
Strategies for reduced parking
- telecommuting
- shuttles
- shared parking
- sell residential units separately from parking
- transit subsidy
- compressed workweek
29
WaterSense
- Label system for fixtures that use 20% less water and perform well
- Third party
30
Baseline water consumption of toilet for WE prerequisite
1.6 gpf (gallons per flush)
31
Baseline water consumption of urinal for WE prerequisite
1.0 gpf (gallons per flush)
32
Most appliances that fall under the WE pre-req. need to meet ____ requirements.
Energy star
33
Days of operation - office and retail not open on weekends
313
34
Aerators
Restrict flow to private lavatories/showers. May be used to meet water efficiency requirements.
35
Cx stands for
Commissioning process
36
Commissioning
Process of verifying and documenting that a building and all of its systems and assemblies are planned, designed, installed, tested, operated, and maintained to meet the OPR.
37
Alternative energy sources
Wind, biomass, solar, geothermal, hydropower (rivers), tidal (waves)
38
ROI
Return on investment
39
CxA stands for
Commissioning authority
40
Energy and Atmosphere Prescriptive compliance
- comply with ashrae 90.1-2010
- reduce connected lighting power density by 5%
- install energy star appliances (copiers, microwaves, food service) for 50% of eligible products
41
ASHRAE 90.1-2010 purpose:
to establish min. energy efficiency requirements of buildings for
- design, construction, plan for operation and maintenance and
- utilization of on-site renewable energy sources
42
ODP
ozone depletion potential
43
GWP
global warming potential
44
What's worse? ODP or GWP
ODP is more harmful.
45
CFC
chlorofluorocarbon
| - high ODP, medium-high GWP
46
HFC
hydrofluorocarbon
| - low ODP, med GWP
47
REQUIREMENTS for the "optimize energy performance" credit
Option 1: tenant-level energy simulation
| Option 2: Prescriptive compliance
48
REC
Renewable energy certificates/credits
- purchased carbon offsets
- tradable commodity representing proof that a unit of electricity was generated from a renewable source resource
- green e-certified
49
Eligible renewable energy systems
* Photovoltaic
* Solar thermal
* Wind
* Biofuel (in some cases)
* Low-impact hydroelectricity
* Wave and tidal energy
* Geothermal energy (in some cases)
50
REQUIREMENT for the "Green Power and Carbon Offsets" credit
* Green power and RECs must be Green-e certified
* Carbon offsets must be Green-e Climate certified
% OF TOTAL ENERGY ADDRESSED BY GREEN POWER, RECs AND/OR OFFSETS
50% = 1 POINT
100% = 2 POINTS
51
commingled waste
building waste streams that are combined on the project site and hauled away for sorting into recyclable streams. Also known as single-stream recycling.
52
dedicated storage
a designated area in a building space or a central facility that is sized and allocated for a specific task, such as the collection of recyclable waste. Signage often indicates the type of recyclable waste stored there. Some waste streams, such as mercury-based light bulbs, sensitive paper documents, biomedical waste, or batteries, may require particular handling or disposal methods. Consult the municipality’s safe storage and disposal procedures or use
53
electronic waste
discarded office equipment (computers, monitors, copiers, printers, scanners, fax machines), appliances (refrigerators, dishwashers, water coolers), external power adapters, and televisions and other audiovisual equipment
54
Storage and Collection of Recyclables Prerequisite
```
Dedicated areas for
- mixed paper
- cardboard
- glass
- plastic
- metals
Appropriate/safe measures for
- batteries
- mercury
- e-waste
```
Show on floor plans (storage, collection areas, hazardous waste areas). Show access for occupants, visitors, operations staff, waste haulers).
55
Prerequisite: Construction & Demolitions waste management
Needs to be integrated early because a lot of documentation needs to be done right away.
- Establish waste diversion for at least 5 materials (structural and non-structural)
- specify if materials are separated or commingled
- Waste-to-energy is permissible
- Donating is permissible
- Infilling mining pits is permissible
- Leaving on curb is NOT permissible
56
Long-Term Commitment
- Requires tenant lease of at least 10 year.
| - Encourages avoidance of transportation and materials needed when relocating
57
Interiors Life-Cycle impact reduction
Intent is to encourage adaptive reuse and optimize environmental performance of products/materials.
Requires
- interior reuse (2pts) and/or
- furniture reuse (1 pt) and/or
- design for flexibility (1 pt)
58
ADC
alternative daily cover:
material other than earthen material placed on the surface of the active face of a municipal solid waste landfill at the end of each operating day to control vectors, fires, odors, blowing litter, and scavenging. Generally these materials must be processed so they do not allow gaps in the exposed landfill face. (CalRecycle)
59
waste-to-energy
the conversion of nonrecyclable waste materials into usable heat, electricity, or fuel through a variety of processes, including combustion, gasification, pyrolization, anaerobic digestion, and landfill gas (LFG) recovery.
60
interior reuse
Reuse or salvage interior nonstructural elements for at least 50% of the surface area. Hazardous materials that are remediated as a part of the project must be excluded from the calculation.
61
Furniture reuse
Reuse, salvage, or refurbish furniture and furnishings for at least 30% of the total furniture and furnishings cost. If from previous building, furniture needs to be over 2 years old.
62
Design for flexibility
- flexible lighting control system (dimmable) (50%)
- use at least 3 of these strategies:
- install accessible floor or ceiling systems for at least 50% of floor area
- design 50% demountable/movable walls
- 50% integral labels (by cost)
- include at least 1 major component with a take-back system
- implement flexible power distribution for at least of floor area
63
EPD
Environmental Product Declarations
64
differential durability
a state in which two materials with different life spans make up one complete component. If one material wears out and cannot be separated and replaced, the entire product must be thrown away.
65
integral labeling
an information conveyance system that cannot be easily removed. For furniture, such labeling may include radio frequency identification, engraving, embossing, or other permanent marking containing information on material origin, properties, and date of manufacture.
66
premature obsolescence
the wearing out or disuse of components or materials whose service life exceeds their design life. For example, a material with a potential life of 30 years is intentionally designed to last only 15 years, such that its remaining 15 years of service is potentially wasted. In contrast, components whose service life is the same as their expected use are utilized to their maximum potential.
67
Building product disclosure and optimization - environmental product declarations REQUIREMENTS
Environmental Product Declaration (1 pt)
| Multi-Attribute optimization (1 pt)
68
EPD needs __ different products from at least __ different manufacturers
20 / 5
69
LCA
life cycle analysis
70
PCR
Product category rule
71
Common methodology
- Research
- Track
- Calculate
- Collect
72
product calculations: Total number of products with environmental
{products with specific declarations x .25} + {products with industry specific declarations x .5} + {products with type III EPDs x 1}
73
Product-specific declarations
are publicly available and critically reviewed (but not necessarily verified) by a third party to ensure that they conform to ISO 14044, which defines how LCAs are critically reviewed.
74
cradle-to-gate assessment
analysis of a product’s partial life cycle, from resource extraction (cradle) to the factory gate (before it is transported for distribution and sale). It omits the use and the disposal phases of the product.
75
Eutrophication
Eutrophication is defined as an increase in the rate of supply of organic matter in an ecosystem
76
INTENT: Building Product Disclosure and optimization - sourcing of raw materials
To encourage the use of products and materials for which life cycle information is available and that have environmentally, economically, and socially preferable life cycle impacts. To reward project teams for selecting products verified to have been extracted or sourced in a responsible manner.
77
CREDIT OPTIONS: Building Product Disclosure and optimization - sourcing of raw materials
- Raw materials source and extraction reporting (1 pt)
| - Leadership extraction practices (25% of products by cost)
78
CSR
Corporate Sustainability Report
79
Number of products with raw material extraction reporting
{products with manufacturer declared reports x .5} + {products with 3rd party verified reports x 1}
80
Location valuation factor
increased points because materials are local
81
Building Product Disclosure and Optimization - Material Ingredients. Requires __ different products from at least __ diff. manufacturers
20 / 5
82
PBT
Persistent bioaccumulative and toxic chemicals
83
POPs
Persistent Organic Pollutants
84
HPD
Health Product Declaration
85
Health Product Declaration benchmarking company
GreenScreen
86
Construction and Demolition Waste Management options
1: divert 50% of total construction/demo material from 3 material streams (1 pt)
2: 75% of 4 material streams (2 pts total)
87
Ways to divert waste
- deconstruction materials sent for reuse
- recycling
- take-back program
88
Indoor Environmental Quality Prerequisites
- Min. Indoor Air Quality Performance
| - Environmental Tobacco Smoke Control
89
Indoor Environmental Quality Credits available
- Enhanced indoor air quality strategies
- Low-emitting materials
- Construction indoor air quality management plan
- Indoor air quality assessment
- Thermal comfort
- Daylight
- Quality views
- Acoustic performance
90
IEQ
Indoor environmental quality
91
IAQ
Indoor air quality
92
What makes up IEQ?
- Thermal comfort
- Visual comfort
- Acoustic comfort
- Air quality
- Lighting quality
- Control over one's surroundings
Health and comfort of building occupants.
93
Sources of indoor air contaminants
- smoking in/near building
- VOCs
- combustion processes in HVAC equipment, fireplaces, stoves, vehicles
- mold/moisture
- cleaning products
- radon/methane
- pollutants from processes in labs, hospitals, factories
- tracked in on shoes
- respirations of occupants, CO2, germs
94
How to prevent indoor pollutants
- Eliminate or control them from the source
| - Provide proper ventilation
95
Occupiable space
Enclosed space intended for human activities, excluding those that are primarily for other purposes (EG storage, equipment).
96
Occupied space
Enclosed space intended for human activities, excluding those that are primarily for other purposes (EG storage, equipment)
- Regularly occupied or Nonregularely
- Individual or Shared multi occupant
- Densly or Nondensly
97
Densly occupied vs. nondensly
Densly - greater than 25 ppl per 1,000 sq. ft.
98
What is the intent of the following prerequisite: Min. Indoor Air Quality Performance
To contribute to comfort / well-being.
99
Types of ventilation
- mechanical
- natural
- mixed mode
100
Reference standard for Mechanically ventilated spaces
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010
101
Reference standard for naturally ventilated spaces
ASHRAE Standard 62.1-2010
102
What you can use to meet the following prerequisite: Min. Indoor Air Quality Performance
- Ventilation strategies
- Ventilation zones
- Net occupiable space
- Occupancy category
- Design occupancy
103
Min air filter rating to meet min. indoor air quality performance
MERV 11
104
MERV
Minimum efficiency reporting value
105
If using existing ventilation system, requires:
10 cfm (cubic feet per minute) minimum per person for occupied
106
ETS
Environmental tobacco smoke control
107
What is the prerequisite for environmental tobacco smoke control
- smoking must be at least 25' away from entries, air intakes, and operable windows
- prohibit smoking outside property line
- signage must be posted within 10' from entry
- no interior smoking rooms
108
VOCs
volatile organic compounds
109
Where does interior stop and exterior begin?
The waterproofing membrane (which counts as exterior)
110
Reference standards for low-emitting materials
```
• CDPH standard method v1.1-2010
• ISO 17025
• ISO Guide 65
• AgBB-2010
• ISO 16000 parts 3,6,7,11
• South Coast Air Quality Management District
(SCAQMD) Rule 1168
• South Coast Air Quality Management District (SCAQMD) Rule 1113
```
111
Requirements for Construction indoor air quality management plan
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association IAQ Guidelines
– SMANCA 008-2008
• Protect absorptive materials on-site and
installed from moisture damage
• Use MERV8 filters
• Prohibit use of tobacco products within 25 ft
112
Requirements for Credit: Indoor air quality assessment
OPTION 1
Flush-out - 1pt
- all furniture must be installed and finishes installed before flush-out counts
- must be .3 cfm outdoor air per sq. ft.
OPTION 2
Air testing - 2 pts
- at least one location per ventilation system per occupiable space
- at least one location per floor
- in all space types
- must be in breathing zone (3-6 ft aft)
113
Reference standard for indoor air quality assessment
ISO/IEC 17025
114
Why the thermal comfort credit matters
- productivity
- comfort
- well-being
115
Factors affecting personal thermal comfort
- surface temperature
- air temperature
- humidity
- air movement
- metabolic rate
- clothing
116
Standard related to thermal comfort
ASHRAE Standard 55-2010
117
Examples of thermal controls
- thermostats
- ceiling fans
- adjustable underfloor diffusers
- task mounted controls
- operable windows
118
Interior lighting credit options
- lighting control (1 pt)
| - lighting quality (1 pt)
119
Lighting control credit requires __% of control for individual occupancy spaces and __% for shared multi occupant spaces
90% // 100%
120
To achieve the interior lighting quality credit, __ of the following options must be achieved...
4 of the following:
- luminance
- CRI
- lamp life
- direct overhead lighting
- surface reflectances of walls/ceiling/floors
- surface reflectances of furnishings
- illuminance ratio of wall to work surface
- illuminance ration of ceiling to work surface
121
The purpose of the daylight credit
- reinforce circadian rhythms
| - reduce energy use
122
Daylight credit requirements
- provide glare control devices for all regularly occupied spaces
and one of the following
- simulation: daylight autonomy and sunlight exposure (2-3 pts)
- simulation: illuminance calculations (1-2 pts)
- measurement (3 pts)
123
Acceptable and unacceptable forms of glare control devices
ACCEPTABLE
- interior window
- blinds/shades
- curtains
- movable exterior louvers
- movable screens
- movable awnings
UNACCEPTABLE
- fixed exterior overhangs
- fixed fins and louvers
- dark colored glazing
- frit, other glazing treatment
124
IESNA
Illuminating Engineering Society of North America
125
Standard for daylighting/sunlight
IESNA LM-83
126
Information needed in order to simulate lighting scenarios
- exterior obstructions
- site plan / location / context
- floor plan / furniture plan
- interior and finish reflectances
- glazing specs
127
Light is measured __ inches A.F.F.
30 inches
128
purpose of the "Quality views" credit
- give occupants a connection to natural outdoor environment
129
Requirements of the "quality views" credit
- Provide direct line of sight to outdoors for 75% regularly occupied spaces
and
- provide a clear image of the exterior
130
The purpose of the acoustic performance credit
- Well-being
- Productivity
- communications
131
Considerations for acoustic performance
- HVAC background noise
- Sound isolation
- Reverberation time
- Sound reinforcement and masking
132
STC
Sound transmission class
133
Innovation credit required any combination of ____, ____, and ___ ____ strategies.
innovation, pilot, and exemplary performance (double)
134
LEED AP credit requirement
Inclusion of a team member who has a specialty.
135
Intention of "regional priority" credit
```
geographically specific
- environmental
- social equity
- public health
priorities
```
136
(Pick one)
When applying for innovation credits, a project team:
A. Cannot submit any previously awarded innovation credit.
B. May receive credit for performance that doubles a credit requirement threshold.
C. May submit a product or strategy that is being used in an existing LEED credit.
D. May receive a credit for each LEED Accredited Professional that is on the project team.
B. May receive credit for performance that doubles a credit requirement threshold.
137
(Pick one)
A developer wants to maximize the triple bottom line by maximizing daylighting and views. What actions might the developer take to fulfill all parts of the triple bottom line?
A. Restore habitat onsite
B. Purchase ergonomic furniture
C. Pursue local grants and incentives
D. Provide lighting controllability for occupants
D. Provide lighting controllability for occupants
138
CIR
Credit Interpretation Ruling
139
USGBC vision
buildings and communities will regenerate and sustain the health and vitality of all life within a generation
140
MPRs
MINIMUM PROJECT REQUIREMENTS
- Comply with local/state/federal environmental laws
- Permanent location + complete structure
- Reasonable site boundary. Portions of the project can't be excluded to skew calculations.
- Be over minimum square footage (250 sq. ft. for commercial interiors or 1,000 sq. ft. for all others).
- Meet requirements. Must serve at least one full time equivalent. For O+M, must be at typical occupancy and occupied for 12 months prior to certification application.
- Share energy and water info with USGBC
- Have a minimum building to site area ratio.
141
GBCI
Green Building Certification Institute
142
Phases of the LEED certification process
1. Register
2. Apply
3. Review
4. Certify
143
PREREQUISITE: Indoor Water Use Reduction
- Reduce water use from baseline by 20%
| - All common use fixtures need WaterSense label
144
Three P's
People, Planet, Profit
145
Reference standard for VOC testing
CDPH (California Department of Public Health) Standard Method v1.1-2010
146
SCAQMD
South Coast Air Quality Management District
147
SMACNA
Sheet Metal and Air Conditioning National Contractors Association
148
Factors that affect thermal comfort
- Surface Temp
- Air Temp
- Humidity
- Air Movement
- Metabolic rate/clothing
149
ASHRAE 55-2010
thermal conditions
150
ASHRAE 62.1
Ventilation / IAQ
151
ASHRAE 90.1-2010
Energy efficiency
152
In the U.S., buildings are associate with ___% of CO2 emissions.
38%
153
Additional categories for LEED for homes
- Education & Awareness
| - Location & Linkages
154
Additional categories for LEED for Neighborhood development
- Green Infrastructure & buildings
- Neighborhood Pattern & Design
- smart Location & Linkage
155
Goals of LEED
1. reverse contribution to global climate change
2. enhance individual human health and well-being
3. protect and restore water resources
4. protect, enhance and restore biodiversity and ecosystem services
5. promote sustainable and regenerative material resources cycles
6. build a greener economy
7. enhance social equity, environmental justice, and community quality of life
156
Four levels of LEED certification
```
LEED has four levels of certification, depending on the point thresholds achieved:
· Certified, 40–49 points
· Silver, 50–59 points
· Gold, 60–79 points
· Platinum, 80 points and above
```
157
Steps to certification
Steps to certification:
1. Initiate Discovery phase.
2. Select LEED Rating System.
3. Check MPRs.
4. Establish Project Goals.
5. Define LEED Project scope.
6. Develop LEED Scorecard.
7. Continue discovery phase.
8. Continue iterative process.
9. Assign roles and responsibilities.
10. Develop consistent documentation.
11. Perform Quality assurance review and submit for certification.
158
ACP
alternative compliance path
- additional options to achieve credits that address unique project needs and advancements in science and technology
