Left to Right shunt

Question 1

3 types of ASD

Answer 1

secundum defect, primum

defect, and sinus venosus defect.

Question 2

Only defect that lies inside the fossa ovalis

Answer 2

Ostium Secundum Defect

Question 3

Most common type of ASD

Answer 3

Ostium Secundum Defect

Question 4

Anterior to the fossa ovalis

Answer 4

Ostium Primum Defect

Question 5

this is present 10% of ostium secundum ASD

Answer 5

Anomalous pulmo Venous return

Question 6

Posterior to the fossa ovalis

Answer 6

Sinus Venosus Defect

Question 7

physical signs of ASD

Answer 7

Relatively slender body build
precordial bulge
hyperdynamic cardiac impulse

Question 8

medical management of ASD

Answer 8

diuretic in infants with CHF

Question 9

preferred method for non surgical closure

Answer 9

catheter delivered closure device

Question 10

kind of murmur in ASD

Answer 10

systolic ejection murmur at 2nd LICS

Question 11

most common CHD

Answer 11

VSD

Question 12

location of perimembranous defects (VSD)

Answer 12

beneath aoritc valve, posterior to the papillary muscles

Question 13

most common VSD

Answer 13

Perimembranous defects

Question 14

location of indundibular or conal (outlet) VSSD

Answer 14

beneath pulmonic valve

Question 15

outlet defect is associated with

Answer 15

aortic insufficiency

Question 16

location of inlet defect

Answer 16

posterior and inferior to the perimembranous

defect beneath the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve

Question 17

location of midmuscular defect

Answer 17

posterior to the septal band

Question 18

location of apical muscular defect

Answer 18

near the cardiac apex

Question 19

this may be seen in ECG in those with moderate VSD

Answer 19

Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (QRS widening) and
left atrial hypertrophy (Notching of P wave) may be
seen

Question 20

this may be seen in ECG in those with large VSD

Answer 20

Biventricular hypertrophy with or without LAH

Question 21

these serve as markers of specific type of VSD except for trabecular defects

Answer 21

cardiac valves

Question 22

when does Spontaneous closure of perimembranous and muscular

defect occur

Answer 22

first 6 months

Question 23

CHF in large defect develops not until

Answer 23

6-8 weeks

Question 24

This is used to assess pulmonary arteriolar resistance

Answer 24

cardiac catheterization

Question 25

male to female ration of PDA

Answer 25

1:3

Question 26

PDA is associated with

Answer 26

Low birth weight and congenital Rubella syndrome

Question 27

if there is PVOD ___ is present in ECG

Answer 27

RVH

Question 28

PDA in term infants results from

Answer 28

structural abnormality of the smooth muscle rather than a decreased responsiveness of the ductal smooth muscle to oxygen

Question 29

standard device used for non surgical closure for small PDA <3mm

Answer 29

gianturco stainless steel coils

Question 30

Larger ductus are closed by

Answer 30

Amplatzer PDA device

Question 31

weight requirement for closure using amplatzer

Answer 31

>6kg

Question 32

standard procedure for surgical closure of PDA

Answer 32

PDA ligation and division

Question 33

how is VATS clip ligation performed

Answer 33

3 small ports in the 4th ICS

Question 34

what syndrome in right isomerism

Answer 34

asplenia

Question 35

what syndrome in left isomerism

Answer 35

polysplenia

Question 36

syndromes assctd with partal form of avsd

Answer 36

di george\ | ellis van creveld

Question 37

four types of avsd

Answer 37

partial defect complete intermediate common atrium

Question 38

there is a distinct and separate mitral and tricuspid annuli in this defect

Answer 38

partial avsd

Question 39

primum asd and cleft mitral v

Answer 39

partial avsd

Question 40

partial avsd is symptomatic with the presence of

Answer 40

mitral valve insufficiency

Question 41

ecg features of partial avsd

Answer 41

prolonged PR interval | P-wave changes indicating L and R atrial enlargement

Question 42

right atrial enlargement in ECG

Answer 42

peaked P wave (p pulmonale)

Question 43

left atrial enlargement in ECG

Answer 43

notched P wave ( P mitrale)

Question 44

standard for diagnosis and categorization of partial or complete AVSD

Answer 44

2d echo

Question 45

what should you do if you want to determine hemodynamic values in AVSD

Answer 45

cardiac catheterization

Question 46

Usually done on patients with Down syndrome with inherent pulmonary hypertension, to determine the operativity of the defect

Answer 46

CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION AND ANGIOGRAPHY

Question 47

symptoms of artial avsds are more severe due to

Answer 47

MR in infancy

Question 48

objectives of surgical repair in partial avsd

Answer 48

closure of interatrial communication Restoration & preservation of the left atrioventricular valve

Question 49

in complete avsd there is presence of

Answer 49

complete heart block: | atrioventricular dissociation

Question 50

symptoms in complete avsd is a result of

Answer 50

- Large increase in pulmonary blood flow - Increased pulmonary artery pressure - Insufficiency of the common atrioventricular valve

Question 51

in terms of axis deviation in ECG, compare partial to complete avsd

Answer 51

complete avsd has more superior axis deviation

Question 52

gooseneck deformity is seen in

Answer 52

complete avsd

Question 53

gooseneck deformity is due to

Answer 53

anterior displacement of LVOT in avsd and produces elongation of LVOT