Leg and Ankle Flashcards
(51 cards)
1
Q
crural fascia:
A
- deep fascia of the leg
- gives rise to three septum that divide the leg into four compartments
2
Q
Label:
A
3
Q
Label:
A
4
Q
Label:
A
TibiofibularJoint
5
Q
What bone of the ankle articulates with the tibia and fibula?
A
- talus
6
Q
What bone sits on top of calcaneous?
A
talus
7
Q
What bones articulate with talus?
A
- inferior: calcaneous
- anterior: navicular
8
Q
Bones in the following compartments:
- hindfoot
- midfoot
- forefoot
A
- hindfoot: talus and calcaneous
- midfoot: navicular
- forefoot: metatarsals
9
Q
sustentaculum tali:
A
- shelf part of the calcaneus which supports the talus
- where the spring ligament attaches
10
Q
Structure of the talus:
A
- trochlea: articulates with tibia/fibula
- neck: articulates with sustentaculum tali/calcaneous
- head: articulates with navicularis & sustentaculum tali/calcaneous
11
Q
What part of the foot allow for twisting motion of the foot?
A
- midfoot: navicular bone
12
Q
Label:
A
- CB = cuboid
- LC = lateral cuneiform
13
Q
Septum of the leg:
A
- arise from the crural fascia
- anterior intermuscular septum
- posterior intermuscular septum
- transverse intermuscular septum
14
Q
Borders of the leg compartments:
A
-
anterior intermuscular septum:
- divides anterior from lateral
-
posterior intermuscular septum:
- divides lateral from posterior superficial
-
transverse intermuscular septum:
- divides poseterior superficial from deep posterior
-
Interosseous membrane:
- divides deep posterior from anterior
15
Q
Anterior Compartment syndrome:
A
- When pressure is increased in the anterior leg compartment such that the vascular supply collapses and the superficial fibular nerve is compressed.
- Due to exercise overactivity or trauma.
16
Q
Symptoms of compartment syndrome:
A
- pain much more severe than consistent with injury
- burning pain
- leg tightness
17
Q
Treatment of compartment syndrome:
A
fasciotomy
18
Q
Label:
A
19
Q
Anterior leg muscles, from lateral to medial:
A
DHT
- Ext. Digitorum Longus (EDL)
- Ext. Hallucis Longus (EHL)
- Tibialis Anterior (TA)
20
Q
Point of vulnerability for common fibular nerve:
A
- head of the fibula - very superficial
- winds around, then goes into the lateral compartment first, and deep fibullar nerve goes to the front
21
Q
What is this an image of?
A
Extensor retinacula
- prevent bowstringing of the tendons crossing the ankle joint
22
Q
Label:
A
- nerve: superficial fibular
23
Q
Lateral leg muscles and their function:
A
- Fibularis Longus (FL)
- Fibularis Brevis (FB)
- Action: ankle eversion
24
Q
Label:
A
fibular retinacula
25
Label:
flexor retinaculum
26
Arteries of the anterior and posterior leg:
* popliteal artery divides into anterior tibial and posterior tibial
* fibular artery branches off posterior tibial
27
What is the blood supply to the top of the foot?
* dorsalis pedis
* continuation of anterior tibial artery
28
What is the blood supply to the sole of the foot?
* medial plantar arch
* lateral plantar arch
* BOTH BRANCH OFF POSTERIOR TIBIAL ARTERY
29
dorsalis pedis is immediately lateral to:
* the extensor hallucis longus tendon.
30
Ankle Brachial Index (ABI):
* comparison of brachial pulse to dorsal pedis pulse
* If ABI is not one, it is an indicator of vascular disease.
31
A high ankle sprain is when what ligament tears?
* tibiofibular ligament
* tibia and fibula move away from each other.
32
The three joints of the ankle:
* Talocrural
* Subtalar
* Transverse Tarsal
33
Talocrural joint structure and movements:
* between tibia, fibula, and talus
* mortise and tenon structure
* Dorsiflexion/Plantar Flexion
34
Subtalar joint structure and movements:
* between calcaneous and talus
* hinge structure
* Inversion/Eversion
35
Transverse tarsal joint movements:
* Midfoot-Inversion & Eversion
36
What muscles act to invert the ankle (inversion)?
* tibialis posterior
* tibialis anterior
37
What ankle ligament is this and what is its action?
medial collateral ligament
resists eversion
38
What ankle ligament is this and what is its action?
lateral collateral ligament
resists inversion
39
What ligament is the most commonly strained/torn ligament during inverted ankle sprains?
* Anterior talofibular ligament (part of the LCL)
* Because these ligaments attach so tightly to the bone, there may
* also be an avulsion fracture on the fibula.
40
What ankle ligament is this and what is its function?
(medial side)
* spring ligament
* supports the head of the talus.
* Aids propelling us in lifting the foot off of the ground.
41
Flat foot occurs due to damage to what ligament?
spring ligament
42
What structure is this and what is its function?
plantar fascia/aponeurosis.
* Creates friction between the foot and the ground.
* Protects neurovascular structures of the foot.
43
Dorsum foot motor and sensory innervation:
* Motor: Deep Fibular
* Sensory: Superficial Fibular (L5)
44
Plantar Surface of foot motor and sensory innervation:
Medial/Lateral Plantar (Tibial)
45
Label:
plantar surface nerves
* more medial: medial plantar
* more lateral: lateral plantar
46
Motor nerve innervation to the big toe:
medial plantar nerve
arises from tibial nerve
47
Label:
* dorsal pedis artery
* just lateral to ext. hallucis longus
48
Intermittent Claudication:
* occlusive disease
* results from an inability to increase blood flow at times of increased demand
49
Femoral occlusive disease will cause:
calf pain
50
Popliteal and distal occlusive disease will cause:
foot pain
51
Treatment for intermittent claudication:
stent or graft around occluded artery
