Leg and Foot Region

Question 1

Which bone of the leg is largest both proximally and distally?

Answer 1

Tibia

Question 2

How many tarsal bones are there?

Answer 2

seven

Question 3

Which bone of the foot articulates with the leg?

Answer 3

Talus

Question 4

Which bones comprise the ankle joint?

Answer 4

Talocrural joint- talus and tibia and fibula

Question 5

What is the external twist in the diaphysis of the tibia called?

Answer 5

external torsion

Question 6

What comprises the rear foot?

Answer 6

Talus and calcaneus

Question 7

What comprises the mid foot?

Answer 7

Navicular, 3 cuneiforms and cuboid

Question 8

What comprises the forefoot?

Answer 8

metatarsals and phalanges

Question 9

What is the function of the sesamoid bones of the foot?

Answer 9

under head of first MT, improve moment arm of flexor hallucis brevis

Question 10

What is the midline of the foot?

Answer 10

2nd digit and metatarsal

Question 11

Which metatarsal is the thickest?

Answer 11

1st metatarsal

Question 12

Where does the transverse arch run through?

Answer 12

Bases of metatarsals

Question 13

What does the arch of the foot do?

Answer 13

stops compression of nerves and arteries when standing

shock absorption and energy return for propulsion, allows deformable feet to adapt to different surfaces

Question 14

What is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone?

Answer 14

Navicular, maximum tonsil load at middle 1/3- sit of hypovascularity (poor blood supply)

Question 15

What type of joint is talocrural?

Answer 15

Synovial hinge joint

Question 16

What movement occurs at the talocrural joint?

Answer 16

Dorsi and plantarflexion

Question 17

What is pronation of the foot?

Answer 17

eversion, abduction, dorsiflexion

Question 18

What is supination of the foot?

Answer 18

inversion, adduction, plantar flexion

Question 19

Describe the distal inferior tibiofibular joint

Answer 19

amphiarthrosis, designed for stability, syndesmosis

Question 20

From which aspect is the dome of talus widest?

Answer 20

anteriorly

Question 21

During which movement is the widest aspect of dome in the mortis?

Answer 21

dorsiflexion- close packed portion of joint

Question 22

Which movement can fracture tibia/ tear anterior tibiofibular ligament?

Answer 22

ER of foot relative to leg, turns talus within mortise, forces separation of distal tibia and fibula

Question 23

What does the head of talus articulate with?

Answer 23

Navicular

Question 24

what does anterior aspect of calcaneus articulate with?

Answer 24

Cuboid

Question 25

What type of joint is Calcaneocuboid?

Answer 25

Gliding

Question 26

what is the subtlalar joint?

Answer 26

posterior calcanea facet and talus

Question 27

what is the talocalcaneonavicular joint?

Answer 27

middle and anterior calcanea facets, navicular, spring ligament and talus

Question 28

where is the sustentaculum tali?

Answer 28

protrusion on medial calcaneous

Question 29

where does the spring ligament run between?

Answer 29

sustentaculum tali and navicular, makes acetabulum for head of talus, considered constrained ball and socket joint

Question 30

what is the transverse tarsal joint

Answer 30

talacalcaneonavicular + calcaneocuboid= joint between rear foot and mid foot

Question 31

What classification are the inter tarsal joints?

Answer 31

Gliding

Question 32

What classification are the tarsometatarsal joints?

Answer 32

Gliding

Question 33

Which is the least mobile TMT joint?

Answer 33

2nd

Question 34

What is the most commonly sprained ankle ligament?

Answer 34

anterior talofibular ligament- plantar flexion and inversion cause

Question 35

What is the most superficial structure on the plantar aspect of the foot?

Answer 35

Plantar fascia

Question 36

What does the plantar fascia do during gait?

Answer 36

Provides rigid push of during gait: pushes calcaneal tuberosity posteriorly + metatarsal phalangeal extension > tensions plantar aponeurosis > holds foot rigid for push off

Question 37

What are the other functions of the plantar fascia?

Answer 37

2x tensile strength of any other plantar ligaments proprioception major support for arches