Leg, Ankle and Foot Pathologies

Question 1

What are the 3 most common acute ankle injuries?

Answer 1

Lateral ligament sprain
• ATFL
• CFL
• PTFL

Question 2

What are 3 less common acute ankle injuries?

Answer 2

Ligament sprain/rupture
• Medial ligament injury
• AITFL injury
Tendon rupture/dislocation
• Tibialis posterior tendon
• Peroneal tendons (longitudinal rupture)
Tendon rupture/dislocation
• Tibialis posterior tendon
• Peroneal tendons (longitudinal rupture)

Question 3

What are the 3 most common causes of medial ankle pain?

Answer 3

Tibialis posterior
tendinopathy
Flexor hallucis longus
tendinopathy

Question 4

What are 5 less common causes of medial ankle pain?

Answer 4

Calcaneal stress fracture
Tarsal tunnel syndrome
Talar stress fracture
Medial malleolar stress fracture
Posterior impingement syndrome

Question 5

What are 2 most common causes of lateral ankle pain?

Answer 5

Peroneal tendinopathy

Sinus tarsi syndrome

Question 6

What are 5 most common causes of midfoot pain?

Answer 6

Navicular stress fracture
Midtarsal joint sprain
Lisfranc joint injury (sprain)
Tibialis posterior tendinopathy
Plantar fascia strain

Question 7

What are 6 less common causes of midfoot pain?

Answer 7

Cuneiform stress fracture
Cuboid stress fracture
Stress fracture base second metatarsal
Extensor tendinopathy
Peroneal tendinopathy
Abductor hallucis strain

Question 8

What are 9 most common causes of forefoot pain?

Answer 8

Stress fracture of the neck of metatarsals I–IV
Stress fracture of the base of the second metatarsal
Fractures of the fifth metatarsal
MTP joint synovitis
First MTP joint sprain (‘turf toe’)
Hallux limitus
Hallux valgus (‘bunion’)
Sesamoid injuries including stress fracture
Plantar plate tear