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A&P Exam 4 > Leg - Proximal > Flashcards

Leg - Proximal Flashcards

1
Q

Region name for anterior knee

A

Genual region

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2
Q

Greater and lesser trochanters
are sites for muscle attachments,
and are separated by the
_______ posteriorly
and ______ anteriorly

A

intertrochanteric crest; intrerotreric line

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3
Q

Distally, the ____ and ____
epicondyles are the attachment
sites for ligaments of the knee

A

medial; lateral

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4
Q

Superiorly, it’s base of the patella is
attached to the ____

A

quadriceps tendon

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5
Q

Inferiorly, its apex of the patella is attached to the
_____

A

patellar ligament

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6
Q

ligaments that strengthen the hip joint capsule (spiral arrangement)

A

Iliofemoral*, pubofemoral, and ischiofemoral ligaments

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7
Q

A fibrocartilaginous acetabular labrum attached
to the acetabular rim _____ the joint

A

deepens

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8
Q

branches of the internal iliac artery that supply the lower limb

A

○ Superior gluteal artery
○ Inferior gluteal artery
○ Obturator artery

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9
Q

The Obturator artery exits the pelvis anteriorly through the obturator foramen to supply the ____

A

medial thigh

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10
Q

The femoral artery travels with the _

A

femoral vein, and femoral nerve

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11
Q

At the adductor hiatus, the femoral artery
becomes the _____

A

popliteal artery

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12
Q

What two arteries exit through the greater sciatic
foramen to supply the gluteal region

A

○ Superior gluteal artery
○ Inferior gluteal artery

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13
Q

The branches of the femoral artery that supply
the lower limb

A

○ Superficial circumflex iliac artery
○ Superficial epigastric artery
○ External pudendal arteries (superficial and deep)
○ Descending genicular artery
deep artery of the thigh

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14
Q

The _____ is the largest branch of the femoral artery and branches off in the proximal thigh

A

deep artery of the thigh

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15
Q

The popliteal artery is the continuation of
the _____

A

femoral artery

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16
Q

Anastomosis of the knee includes these vessels

A

○ Medial superior genicular artery
○ Lateral superior genicular artery

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17
Q

What is the cruciate anastomosis?

A

○ Medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries
○ 1st perforating artery
○ Inferior gluteal artery

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18
Q

Follow the drainage of the genicular veins to the IVC

A

Genicular > popliteal > femoral > external iliac > common iliac > IVC

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19
Q

The medial and lateral circumflex femoral
veins drain into the _____

A

deep vein of the thigh

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20
Q

Both the superior and inferior gluteal
veins pass through the _____ and empty into the internal iliac vein

A

greater sciatic foramen

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21
Q

The obturator vein passes through
the the greater sciatic foramen and empties into the _____

A

internal iliac vein

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22
Q

Superficial veins are located in the ____, and drains to deep venous system and ultimately femoral vein

A

subcutaneous tissue

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23
Q

Largest superficial vein

A

Great Saphenous vein

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24
Q

Venous drainage is assisted by

A

● Presence of valves in the veins
● Pulsing of the accompanying arteries
● Contraction of the surrounding muscles

25
Nerves of the lumbar plexus
● Iliohypogastric nerve (L1): Skin upper lateral thigh and inguinal region ● Ilioinguinal nerve (L1): Skin upper anterior thigh ● Genitofemoral nerve (L1-2): Skin over upper thigh ● Lateral femoral cutaneous nerve (L2-3): Skin lateral thigh
26
Nerve that Innervates muscles of the anterior thigh
Femoral nerve
27
What nerve Innervates muscles of the medial compartment
Obturator nerve
28
Nerves of the sacral plexus
● Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1): Enters above piriformis muscle, and supplies abductors of the hip ● Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S3): Enters inferior to the piriformis muscle, and innervates the gluteus maximus ● Posterior femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh (L1-S3): Sensory nerve to thigh and posterior perineum
29
The two nerves diverging from the sciatic nerve
Tibial nerve Common fibular nerve
30
Illiopsoas muscle
O: Psoas on spinal column T12-L4; Illiacus on iliac fossa I: Lesser trochanter of the femur I: Psoas by lumbar plexus; illiacus by femoral nerve A: Flexion and external rotation of the hip
31
Gluteus Maximus
O: sacrum and thoracolumbar fascia I: Upper fibers insert into IT tract (band), and lower fibers to the gluteal tuberosity. I: Inferior gluteal nerve A: Extends and externally rotates the hip.
32
Gluteus Medius
O: ilium I: great trochanter of the femur. I: superior gluteal nerve A: abduct and stabilize the hip
33
tensor fasciae latae
O: anterior superior iliac spine I: IT tract I: superior gluteal nerve A: abducts the hip, and aids in flexion, and internal rotation of the hip.
34
______ is the tough band of tissue that encloses the muscles of the thigh.
Fascia Lata
35
_____ is inflammation and tendonitis along the IT tract.
Iliotibial band syndrome
36
gluteus minimus
O: ilium I: greater trochanter of the femur I: superior gluteal nerve A: Anteriorly the muscle flexes and, internal rotates the hip. Posteriorly it acts on extension and external rotation of the hip
37
Piriformis
O: sacrum I: greater trochanter of the femur I: sacral plexus A: Action of external rotation, abduction, and extension.
38
Obturator Internus
O: inner surface of the obturator membrane I: medial surface greater trochanter. I: branches of the sacral plexus A: externally rotate and adduct the hip
39
Quadratus femoris
O: lateral border of the ischial tuberosity I: intertrochanteric crest of the femur I: branches of the sacral plexus A: externally rotate and adduct the hip joint
40
Gemeli
O: has two origins, the superior on the ischial spine and inferior to ischial tuberosity. I: obturator internus tendon. I: branches of the sacral plexus A: externally rotate and adduct the hip
41
Sartorius
O: ASIS I: medial aspect of the tibial tuberosity. I: Femoral nerve A: hip flexion, abduction, external rotation.
42
Quadriceps Femoris - 4 parts (& what is their innervation and insertion?)
Rectus femoris Vastus medialis Vastus lateralis Vastus intermedius *all innervated by the femoral nerve, and all insert into the tibial tuberosity
43
Rectus Femoris
O: anterior inferior iliac spine. A: hip flexion and knee extension.
44
Vastus medialis
O: linea aspera I: medial aspect of the tibial tuberosity. A: knee extension.
45
Vastus lateralis
O: linea aspera and greater trochanter I: lateral aspect of the tibial tuberosity A: is knee extension.
46
Vastus intermedius
O: femoral shaft A: knee extension.
47
Medial compartment muscles
Pectineus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Gracilis Obturator externus Adductor magnus
48
Anterior compartment muscles
Sartorius Quadriceps femoris (4 parts)
49
Posterior compartment muscles
Biceps femoris Semimembranosus Semitendinosus
50
Borders of the femoral triangle
○ Inguinal ligament – superiorly ○ Adductor longus – medially ○ Sartorius muscle – laterally
51
Pectineus
O: pecten pubis I: pectineal line of the femur. I: femoral and obturator nerves. A: adduction, external rotation and to stabilize the pelvis
52
Adductor longus
O: superior pubic rami I: medial femur I: Obturator nerve A: hip adduction and flexion up to 70 degrees.
53
Adductor brevis
O: inferior pubic rami I: Femur I: Obturator Nerve A: hip adduction and flexion up to 70 degrees.
54
Gracilis
O: inferior pubic rami I: medial aspect of the tibial tuberosity. I: Obturator nerve A: hip adduction and flexion, with some knee flexion and internal rotation
55
Obturator externus
O: outer surface of obturator membrane I: trochanteric fossa of the femur. I: Obturator nerve A: hip adduction, external rotation, and stabilization of the the hip.
56
Adductor magnus
O: inferior pubic rami, ischial ramus and tuberosity I: medial femoral linea spine to the adductor tubercle. I: deep by obturator nerve and superficial by tibial nerves A: adduction, extension, slight flexion, and stabilization of the hip.
57
Biceps femoris (long and short head)
Long Head O: ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament. I: head of the fibula. I: Tibial nerve A: hip extension and knee flexion and external rotation. Short head O: lateral aspect of the linea aspera. I: head of the fibula I: common fibular nerve A: knee flexion and external rotation.
58
Semimembranosus
O: ischial tuberosity I: medial tibial condyle. I: tibial nerve A: extension and stabilization of the hip. Flexion and internal rotation of the knee.
59
Semitendinosus
O: ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament. I: medial tibial tuberosity of the pes anserinus. I: tibial nerve A: extension and stabilization of the hip. Flexion and internal rotation of the knee.

A&P Exam 4 (5 decks)

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