11. INDIA SIGNS MOU WITH THE REPUBLIC OF ---- ON JUDICIAL COOPERATION his is the ----nd MoU signed between India and other countries in the field of Judicial Cooperation

11. INDIA SIGNS MOU WITH THE REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES ON JUDICIAL COOPERATION 8th mou

legal current aff pt 2 Flashcards by Aditi Nair

—- will repeal a colonial-era law that criminalizes sex between men, a major step forward in a region
where homosexuality faces discrimination, and announced plans to attract more top minds to its shores.
 Inherited from the British Colonial era, Section 377A of its Penal Code punishes sex between men with
up to 2 years in jail.
 According to the Officials, countries including the UAE, the UK and Germany have rolled out plans to lure
executives, while removing the stigma of being gay will go some way to making Singapore an attractive
destination for companies that actively support LGBTQ causes

singapore

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IN A FIRST, — PASSES PERIOD PRODUCTS ACT, MAKES MENSTRUATION-RELATED ITEMS
FREE
 La
h Government said it became the first in the world to legally protect the right to access free
period products when its Period Products Act came into force in August 2022

IN A FIRST, SCOTLAND PASSES PERIOD PRODUCTS ACT, MAKES MENSTRUATION-RELATED ITEMS
FREE
 La

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NEW —— ADOPTION LAW OPENS ALLOWS TRACING BIRTH FAMILIES
 The landmark legislation, which was enacted on July 1, provides legal entitlement to full and unrestricted
access to birth certificates, birth, early life, care, and medical information for any person who was adopted,
boarded out, had their birth illegally registered, or who otherwise has questions in relation to their origins.
 The new law also allows applications to be made to the Contact Preference Register by those wishing to make
contact, request privacy, or seek or share information with a relative.

irish

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. === PASSES GAMBLING CONTROL ACT, BANS ONLINE GAMBLING
 Under the new Gambling Control Act, physical social gambling among family and friends has been legalized in
Singapore; the activity has to take place in an individual’s home and cannot be conducted in the course of any
business or for the private gain of any person not participating in the gambling.
 The Gambling Control Act criminalizes proxy gambling in casinos and fruit machine rooms, and casinos will be
liable to regulatory action, including financial penalties if they fail to enforce this. Class licenses

SINGAPORE

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— Supreme Court has become the first in the world to recognize the Paris Agreement as a human rights
treaty – a move with significant implications for national and international law.
 The declaration was made as part of the court’s first climate change ruling, which ordered the
Government to fully reactivate its national climate fund

Brazil’s Supreme Court has become the first in the world to recognize the Paris Agreement as a human rights
treaty – a move with significant implications for national and international law.
 The declaration was made as part of the court’s first climate change ruling, which ordered the Brazilian
Government to fully reactivate its national climate fund

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—– toughened its rape laws, pushing through legislation requiring explicit consent for sex in a move driven
by its left-wing Government following a notorious gang rape that outraged the country.
 Known as the “Only yes means yes” law, the Bill involves a reform of it’s criminal code that now defines
rape as sex without clear consent.
 Consent is recognized only, when a person has freely demonstrated it through actions that, in the context of the
circumstances of the case, clearly express the person’s will.
 No woman will ever have to prove that violence or intimidation was involved in order for it to be considered a
sexual assault. Until now, rape victims needed to prove that they had been subjected to violence or intimidation

spain

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—– has been facing crippling levels of inflation in the past decade and over the years, they have tried a
number of ways to get the situation in control. The nation came up with its latest attempt as gold coins were
launched in a bid to stabilize the economy.
 These coins will be sold to the public in order to boost the local currency that has been affected seriously by
inflation, according to the statement issued by the Reserve Bank of Zimbabwe. The coin is called ‘Mosi-oaTunya’ which refers to —– in the local Tonga language.

zimbabwe
Victoria Falls

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—- PLANS TO EASE RULES FOR LEGAL CHANGES OF GENDER
Under the planned “self-determination law,” adults would be able to change their first name and legal gender
at registry offices without further formalities.
 The existing “transsexual law,” which took effect in 1981, currently requires individuals to obtain assessments
from two experts whose training and experience make them “sufficiently familiar with the particular problems
of trans-sexualism” and then a court decision to change the gender on official documents.

GERMANY PLANS TO EASE RULES FOR LEGAL CHANGES OF GENDER

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INDIA SIGNS MOU WITH THE REPUBLIC OF —- ON JUDICIAL COOPERATION
his is the —-nd MoU signed between India and other countries in the field of Judicial
Cooperation

INDIA SIGNS MOU WITH THE REPUBLIC OF MALDIVES ON JUDICIAL COOPERATION

8th mou

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The —- Parliament approved legislation to establish work-from-home as a legal right, setting up the
—– to be one of the first countries to grant remote working flexibility by law.
 The legislation was approved by the lower house of the bicameral Parliament. It still needs a
nod from the senate before its final adoption. The law forces employers to consider employee requests to
work from home as long as their professions allow i

Dutch parl
netherlands

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The United States made history as Ketanji Brown Jackson was sworn in as the first Black woman to serve on the
Supreme Court.
1st black person in scotus: —
1st woman?

Thurgood Marshall (July 2, 1908 – January 24, 1993) was an American civil rights lawyer and jurist who served as an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States from 1967 until 1991. He was the Supreme Court’s first African-American justice.
As the first woman to serve on the Supreme Court of the United States, Sandra Day O’Connor became an inspiration to millions.

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abolished a Nazi-era law forbidding doctors from providing information about abortions.
 The Bundestag lower house of Parliament voted to scrap the law, meaning doctors are now allowed to give out
additional information about abortions without fear of prosecution.
 Under the law, doctors in had been allowed to say that they offered termination of pregnancies but
they were not allowed to give any further details on the procedures involved.
 Technically, abortion is illegal altogether in here. However, it is allowed under certain circumstances, and
the procedure must be performed within — weeks of conception

Germany
12 weeks

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— warned the general public against the use of unauthorized vehicle license plates with the FIFA World
Cup Qatar 2022 logo after it auctioned off dozens of number plates for hundreds of thousands of dollars.
 It is prohibited to copy and install the World Cup logo on the vehicle number plate.
 — is world football’s governing body and — is to host the World Cup between November 21 and
December 18, 2022

qatar
fifa

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The US Supreme Court ruled in favor of a strict —9which state) abortion law, in the process overturning Roe v.
Wade, the landmark case that has been the basis for legal abortions across America for nearly half a century.
 Roe v. Wade was a — landmark decision giving women in America the right to have an abortion before the foetus is viable outside womb- before 24-to-28-week mark.
 Widely seen as one of the most consequential decisions by the Supreme Court, one that many women say
infringes on their rights over their own bodies, the ruling will result in an almost immediate ban on abortions,
with some exceptions, in most conservative, Republican-governed state

missisipi
1973

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As the world observes Pride Month dedicated to the LGBTQ community, a court in — ruled that the ban on
same-sex marriages in the country is not unconstitutional, in a setback to the rights of homosexual people in
here.
 The ruling is a reversal of an earlier ruling in March 2021 that said the ban was unconstitutional.
 it remains the only country in the Group of Seven countries that does not recognize same-sex marriages. Its
constitution defines marriage as being based on “the mutual consent of both sexes”.

As the world observes Pride Month dedicated to the LGBTQ community, a court in Japan ruled that the ban on
same-sex marriages in the country is not unconstitutional, in a setback to the rights of homosexual people in
Japan.
 The ruling is a reversal of an earlier ruling in March 2021 that said the ban was unconstitutional.
 Japan remains the only country in the Group of Seven countries that does not recognize same-sex marriages. Its
constitution defines marriage as being based on “the mutual consent of both sexes”.

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made it legal to cultivate and possess marijuana making a dream come true for an aging generation of
pot smokers who recall the kick delivered by the legendary Stick variety.
 The decision by the Food and Drug Administration to remove all of the plant from the category of narcotic
drugs makes it the first nation in Asia to decriminalize marijuana for medical and industrial use.
 But it is not following the examples of – and — the only two countries so far that have legalized fully
recreational marijuana on a national basis.

thailand
uruguary - 2013
canada - 2018

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The World Bank has expressed concerns over a plan by the —– to set up a crypto
hub, weeks after the nation became the second country in the world to make Bitcoin legal tender.
 The move comes after President Faustin Archange Touadera of CAR tweeted that the country had set up its
first crypto initiative dubbed “—–” to steer the county’s bitcoin agenda.
 In September last year, —- became the first country in the world to introduce Bitcoin as a legal tender.

Central African Republic (CAR)
sango initaive
el salvador

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A —- court has said that a Californian law requiring companies to have up to three women on
corporate boards is unconstitutional.
 Superior Court Judge Maureen Duffy-Lewis said the law, passed in 2018, violated the right to equal treatment
under state and federal law

Los Angeles court

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—-’s Supreme Court has ruled that defendants accused of violent crimes such as homicide and sexual
assault can use self-induced extreme intoxication as a defense, striking down a federal law supported by
women’s advocacy groups.
 The Supreme Court said a law passed by Parliament in — that prohibits the defense was unconstitutional
and violates the country’s Charter of Rights and Freedoms

Canad-a
1995

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After years of delays, —–’s Parliament passed a landmark law to punish sexual violence that, analysts
say, provides a victim-centered approach to securing justice amid rising sexual abuse.

After years of delays, Indonesia’s Parliament passed a landmark law to punish sexual violence that, analysts
say, provides a victim-centered approach to securing justice amid rising sexual abuse.

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At a time when the world is battling climate change and exploitation of animals, —, in South America,
has made history by becoming the first country to recognize the legal rights of individual wild animals.
 The 7-2 ruling by the top court in the country, handed down earlier this year, is believed to be the first time a
court has applied the rights of nature, laws that recognize the legal rights of ecosystems to exist and regenerate,
to an animal, a woolly monkey named —.

ecuador
estrellita

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Philippines President Rodrigo Duterte has signed into law a Bill that raises the minimum age of sexual consent
from 12 to —, in a bid to protect minors from rape and sexual abuse.
 The Philippines until now has had one of the world’s lowest minimum ages of sexual consent, behind —-‘s age of —-, according to the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF).

16
nigeria - 11 yrs

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In a historic move to deal with the global problem of plastic waste, —- nations across the world adopted a
historic resolution at the fifth United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) in —- to forge an
international “legally binding agreement” by — to end plastic pollution.
 The landmark resolution addresses the full lifecycle of plastic, including its production, design and disposal.
 The resolution calls for immediate collective voluntary action by countries towards the goal of ending plastic
pollution.

175
Nairobi
2024

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—- INTRODUCES ‘FAKE NEWS LAW’, 15 YEARS JAIL-TERM FOR JOURNALISTS AMID UKRAINE
WAR

RUSSIA INTRODUCES ‘FAKE NEWS LAW’, 15 YEARS JAIL-TERM FOR JOURNALISTS AMID UKRAINE
WAR

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---- has extended its time limit for abortion after an epic battle in Parliament, amid anger that thousands of women had to travel abroad each year to terminate pregnancies in countries such as the Netherlands, Spain or England because of restrictions.  There was applause in the national assembly when lawmakers voted definitively to extend the legal limit for ending a pregnancy from 12 to --- weeks.  ’s new time frame is still lower than in some other European countries, including England at 24 weeks

france 12 o 14 weeks

----- NEW CYBERCRIME LAW TOUGH ON FAKE NEWS ON TWITTER, FACEBOOK

PAKISTAN'S NEW CYBERCRIME LAW TOUGH ON FAKE NEWS ON TWITTER, FACEBOOK

Pakistan appointed its first female Top Court Judge, after a nomination process that proved unusually contentious.  Justice --- had been selected by a commission that decides on the promotion of Judges.

Ayesha Malik

Indonesia's Parliament has approved a Bill to relocate the nation's capital from Jakarta to a jungled area of ------ on Borneo island.  The new state capital law, which provides a legal framework for President-------'s ambitious $32 Billion mega project, stipulates how the development of the capital will be funded and governed.  The new capital has a central function and is a symbol of the identity of the nation, as well as a new centre of economic gravity.  The new centre will be called "----", a Javanese name for the Indonesian archipelago chosen by the President.

Kalimantan joko widodo nusantara

----- State Governor Kathy Hochul signed into law a Bill restricting concealed carry weapons in response to a recent ruling by the Supreme Court that overturned the state's longstanding licensing restrictions.  Individuals will face criminal penalties if they carry concealed weapons in sensitive locations like airports and other public transit, educational institutions as well as Times Square.  The law also makes "no carry" the default for the private property including bars, restaurants, shops, or grocery stores unless deemed permissible by property owners.  The U.S. Supreme Court recently struck down a century-old New York State law requiring gun owners to have probable cause in order to carry a concealed weapon.

New York

A Pakistani Court sentenced the militant leader linked to the Mumbai terrorist attacks to 31 years in prison on charges of terror financing.  The sentence is the latest for ------, who was arrested in 2019. He was sentenced the following year to 15 years in a separate case, also on charges of terror financing.  he was, designated a terrorist by the U.S. Justice Department and with a $10 million bounty on his head, has never been charged in connection with the ----- Mumbai attacks that killed 166 people.  He has been serving the 15-year term at home under Government order.

Hafiz Muhammad Saeed 2008

--- INTRODUCES ECONOMIC SECURITY LAW TO SECURE STABLE SUPPLY OF VITAL PRODUCTS

jpana

 Shorter women will be able to join ----'s police forces after the country's top court ruledthat a minimum height requirement for female officers is discriminatory.  The Court scrapped the 1.60 metres (5 ft 3 inch) height requirement in a ruling on a case filed by a young woman who was barred from taking her selection tests in 2017 because she was 4 cm shorter than the required minimum.  The requirement "constitutes indirect discrimination against women compared to men whose required height (1.65 metre) is much less demanding

 Shorter women will be able to join Spain's police forces after the country's top court ruledthat a minimum height requirement for female officers is discriminatory.  The Court scrapped the 1.60 metres (5 ft 3 inch) height requirement in a ruling on a case filed by a young woman who was barred from taking her selection tests in 2017 because she was 4 cm shorter than the required minimum.  The requirement "constitutes indirect discrimination against women compared to men whose required height (1.65 metre) is much less demanding

signed up to a new international treaty for recognizing and enforcing civil and commercial court rulings among its signatories to reduce costly cross-border litigation.  It will allow EU citizens and businesses to have rulings by a court in the EU recognized and enforced in non-EU participating countries.  It will also ensure that third-country judgments are recognized and enforced in the EU only where fundamental principles of EU law are respected.  The EU will be the ---- party to accede to the Hague Convention, which requires ratification by another jurisdiction to come into force.

eu 1st ountry

The European Union and ----have acceded to the Hague Judgments Convention, which sets out conditions for the recognition and enforcement of judgments in civil and commercial matters.  The Convention was drawn up in --- and has been signed by --- states, but the EU and Ukraine are the first states to accede, bringing the Convention into force from 1 September 2023.  The aim of the Convention is to provide legal certainty and predictability for businesses involved in international trade and investment.

Ukraine hague convention - 2019 6 states - signed

Which of this court held that the right of an embryo to develop into a foetus and then be born cannot be stultified by relying on the provisions of the Assisted Reproductive Technology (Regulation) Act?

kerea;a hc

The Competition Commission of India recently ordered an investigation against Google for its dominance in news. Most of the online traffic of news websites come from Google. The Commission is of prima facie view that Google has violated provisions of Section 4 of the Competition Act, 2002 which pertains to abuse of dominant position. ------) has filed the complaint against Alphabet Inc, Google LLC, Google India Private Ltd and Google Ireland Ltd.

digital News Publishers Association (DNPA

A Division Bench of Justice Gautam S Patel and Madhav J Jamdar of the Bombay High Court in a recent plea filed by Kishna bhai Nathu bhai Ghutia, seeking directions to the Administrator of ----- to declare August --- as a public holiday to celebrate the Liberation Day of the Union territory, has held that there is no legally enforceable fundamental right to a public holiday and whether or not to declare a particular day as a public holiday or optional holiday is a matter of Government policy. The High Court pronounced that India has too many public holidays. It is important to reduce them

Dadra and Nagar Haveli aug 2

Three-judge Bench of Justices AM Khanwilkar, Hrishikesh Roy and CT Ravi kumar held in the case of Municipal Corporation of Mumbai v Ankita Sinha & Others and connected cases that “In circumstances where adverse environmental impact may be egregious, but the community affected is unable to effectively get the machinery into action, a forum created specifically to address such concerns should surely be expected to move with expediency, and of its own accord”. The judgment also highlighted the uniqueness of the ----- as opposed to other tribunals and noted that the Court had appositely observed that the forum had a duty to justice while exercising “wide range of jurisdiction” and the “wide range of powers”

NGT

Bar Council of Kerala notifies rules for payment of stipend upto ---- per month for lawyers with less than ---- years Practice. The Bar Council of Kerala under The Kerala Advocates’ Stipend Rules, 2021 has notified rules of payment to be made to young lawyers. Notification issued on December 18, 2021, a payment of stipend upto Rs 5,000 a month is to be made to lawyers who have an annual income not exceeding Rs 1 lakh and have been practicing at the bar for a period of less than three years. The advocate should be under 30 years of age to be eligible for availing stipend

5000/month 3 yrs less than

The Government of ----- has informed the Center Government that the state is opposed to the Kasturirangan Committee report on Western Ghats. The Kasturirangan committee report has proposed ----% of the total area of Western Ghats to be declared as Eco Sensitive Area (ESA). The Committee also recommended a blanket ban on mining and quarrying.

ktaka 37%

The Union Government has allowed manufacture and import of machine-made polyester national flags by amending the 2002 Flag Code of India. The rules earlier permitted only flags made by handspun and woven wool or cotton or silk khadi bunting while the import of machine-made flags was banned in ----. A recent revision to the flag code stated, the National Flag shall be made of hand spun and hand woven or machine made, cotton, polyester, wool, silk khadi bunting. The code gives unrestricted display of the tricolour as long as the honour and dignity of the flag are being respected. The hoisting, use and display of the Indian National Flag is governed by the Prevention of Insults to National Honour Act, ----, and the Flag Code of India, 2002.

2019 1971

India abstained on a vote at the UN Human Rights Council in -----. The Council moved the resolution to set up an international commission of enquiry into Russia’s actions in Ukraine. The move is significant in the terms that the vote followed even after India’s meeting with Quad countries. India has also abstained from similar resolutions in the United Nations General Assembly and United Nations Security Council. India also abstained from the ----- 's resolution that was related to safety at --- nuclear power stations and a number of nuclear waste sites including Chernobyl, as the Russians seized control of them. The Human Rights Council is an interGovernmental body within the United Nations system responsible for strengthening the promotion and protection of human rights around the world

IGeneva. International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)'s resol 5 sites nuclear

The Andhra Pradesh High Court directed the State Government to construct and develop ----, the capital city of the State, and the capital region within six months. The Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly passed the AP Decentralisation and Inclusive Development of All Regions Bill, 2020. The Bill intends to give shape to the State Government’s plan of having three capitals — --- capital in Visakhapatnam, legislative in ---- and judicial in ----. The High Court held that the State legislature lacked the competence to make any legislation for shifting, bifurcating or trifurcating the capital. The court directed the Government and the Capital Region Development Authority (CRDA) to discharge their duties enshrined under the A.P. Capital Regional Development Authority (CRDA) Act and Land Pooling Rules

amaravati - legislative executive cap- vishakatpnam kurnoo- judicial

The ruler of Dubai and also Vice President and Prime Minister of the ---- Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum announced on March 9, that has adopted its first law to regulate crypto assets. The law would work towards developing and establishing -- and Dubai’s position as vital players in orienting the future of virtual assets globally. They established an independent authority to oversee the development of the best business environment in the world of virtual assets in terms of regulation, licensing, and governance. Dubai has introduced crypto asset regulation, joining the ranks of Singapore, the United States, the United Kingdom, El Salvador, and other countries that have enacted cryptocurrency laws

United Arab Emirates (UAE)

The Supreme Court upheld the Madras High Court judgement and struck down the ----% internal reservation to Vanniyakula Kshatriya community in Tamil Nadu. The Supreme Court held that 1 % internal reservation to Vanniyakula Kshatriya community violates the fundamental rights of equality, non-discrimination and equal opportunity of 115 other Most Backward Communities (MBCs) and De-Notified Communities (DNCs) in Tamil Nadu there by violating Article 14, 15 and 16 of the Constitution. The allotment of %reservation to a single community from within the total Most Backward Classes (MBC) quota of ----% in the State, leaving only 9.5% to 115 other communities in the MBC category, was without substantial basis. Further, the court said there was no assessment or analysis done prior to the 2021 Act to back the claim that the Vanniyakula Kshatriyas were relatively more backward than the other MBCs and DNCs.

10.5% 20%

Lok Sabha passed the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2022. The Bill sought to include the --- community as a subtribe of the Kuki tribal community in the list of Scheduled Tribes (STs). The Bill has been passed by amending Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950. The Bill to amend Constitutional order to include Darlong, a tribal clan in ---- which was among the generic Halam community till now, in the list of Scheduled Tribes (ST)

Lok Sabha passed the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order (Amendment) Bill, 2022. The Bill sought to include the Darlong community as a subtribe of the Kuki tribal community in the list of Scheduled Tribes (STs). The Bill has been passed by amending Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950. The Bill to amend Constitutional order to include Darlong, a tribal clan in Tripura which was among the generic Halam community till now, in the list of Scheduled Tribes (ST)

The Supreme Court in a judgement held that a state legislature has the right to impose tax on --- conducted by other States within its jurisdiction. The judgement came on appeals filed by the Karnataka and Kerala Governments against the decisions of their respective High Courts to quash laws enacted by their legislatures to tax ---- organised and promoted by the States of Nagaland, Arunachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Manipur in Kerala and Karnataka. Taxes on luxuries, including taxes on entertainments, amusements, betting and gambling: are in which list???

lotteries state list

he state of --- is suing Facebook’s parent company Meta. In a lawsuit it has alleged that Facebook unlawfully captured the biometric data of Texans for commercial purposes without their informed consent. The suit was filed by Texas Attorney General Ken Paxton

texas ken paxton

The Minister of State for Civil Aviation, ------------- has released a draft national policy for air sports in the country that will require entities providing these services and their equipment to be registered, as well as be liable for penalties. The policy proposes a two-tier governance structure for air sports in the country, which will include an apex governing body called the Air Sports Federation of India (ASFI) and associations for each air sport. It will cover activities like aerobatics, aero-modelling, amateur-built and experimental aircraft, ballooning, drones, gliding, hang gliding, paragliding, microlighting, para-motoring, skydiving, and vintage aircraft

Gen. Dr. V K Singh

A cow protection law (Assam Cattle Preservation (Amendment) Act, 2021) that Assam enforced less than a year ago has led to an acute beef crisis in ------. The Act prohibits the slaughter of cows. It permits the slaughter of other cattle (bulls, bullocks and buffaloes) if the cattle is over 14 years of age or has become permanently incapacitated due to injury or deformity. It also restricts intrastate and inter-state transport of cattle, and sale of beef except at permitted locations. Further, the Act unduly limit the transport of cattle in the northeastern region of India due to restrictions on transport through Assam. The Act restricts cattle transport from Assam to states where slaughter is not regulated. so assam- cow law

A cow protection law (Assam Cattle Preservation (Amendment) Act, 2021) that Assam enforced less than a year ago has led to an acute beef crisis in Meghalaya. The Act prohibits the slaughter of cows. It permits the slaughter of other cattle (bulls, bullocks and buffaloes) if the cattle is over 14 years of age or has become permanently incapacitated due to injury or deformity. It also restricts intrastate and inter-state transport of cattle, and sale of beef except at permitted locations. Further, the Act unduly limit the transport of cattle in the northeastern region of India due to restrictions on transport through Assam. The Act restricts cattle transport from Assam to states where slaughter is not regulated.

A special Assembly session of Tamil Nadu Assembly on Tuesday unanimously re-adopted the anti-NEET Bill, which Governor R N Ravi had last week returned to the Government when it was introduced last year for the first time. The Bill seeks to discard the requirement of NEET for medical courses in the state. The Central Government had made the National Eligibility cum Entrance Test mandatory for all the students in the country. The Bill was passed opposing this requirement. The Bill aims to uphold equality, social justice, equal opportunity. It protects all the vulnerable student communities. The Bill was introduced based on the recommendation made by Justice ----- committee. The High-Level Committee to study the impact of NEET on medical admissions in Tamil Nadu under the chairmanship of Justice A K Rajan was appointed by the DMK Government in June 2021

A K Rajan commitee - neet

Division Bench of the ---- High Court has asked a journalist facing contempt of court proceedings to speak only in English which art?

gujju art 348

---- introduced a Bill (Online News Act) that seeks to make Internet platforms such as Google and Facebook pay news publishers for use of their content. The Bill seeks to regulate digital news intermediaries “to enhance fairness in the digital news marketplace and contribute to its sustainability.

Canada introduced a Bill (Online News Act) that seeks to make Internet platforms such as Google and Facebook pay news publishers for use of their content. The Bill seeks to regulate digital news intermediaries “to enhance fairness in the Canadian digital news marketplace and contribute to its sustainability.

In the decision of Society for Unaided Private Schools vs. Union of India (----), the Supreme Court of India upheld the Constitutionality of section 12 of the Right of Children to Free and Compulsory Education Act (RTE Act), which requires all schools, both state-funded and private, to accept ---% intake of children from disadvantaged groups. However, the Court held that the RTE Act could not require private unaided minority schools to satisfy a ----% quota, as this would constitute a violation of the right of minority

2012 25%

A historic agreement has been signed between the Government of India, Government of --- and representatives of ---- Armed Adivasi Groups. The agreement was signed to end the decades old crisis of Adivasis and tea garden workers in Assam. With the signing of this tripartite agreement, 1182 cadres of tribal groups of Assam have joined the mainstream by laying down arms. The agreement is intended to protect & strengthen the social, cultural, linguistic and community-based identity of the groups. It also aims to fulfill the political, economic and educational aspirations of the Adivasi groups. It also aims to ensure rapid and focused development of tea gardens along with Adivasi villages/areas throughout the state.

assam 8 adivasi grps

A commission set up by the Centre Government submitted its final report for the delimitation of Assembly and Parliamentary constituencies in Jammu and Kashmir. It was headed by retired Supreme Court Justice Ranjana Prakash Desai, it has the Chief Election Commissioner and J&K’s Chief Electoral Officer as members, and J&K’s --- MPs as associate members. Delimitation became necessary when the Jammu and Kashmir Reorganization Act, 2019 increased the number of seats in the Assembly. The erstwhile J&K state had ---- seats — 46 in Kashmir, 37 in Jammu, and 4 in Ladakh — plus --- seats reserved for Pakistanoccupied Kashmir (PoK). The three-member panel carved out additional six Assembly seats for the Jammu region and one for the Kashmir valley as per the Act. eserved -- ACs for STs for the first time and -- for S

it has 5 associate members okay 111 seats 24 - PoK 9 - sts 7 - scs

Giving a new twist to the ongoing tussle between Kerala Governor Arif Mohammed Khan and the CPI(M)-led government, Kerala High Court Monday revoked the appointment of Dr ------ as the vice-chancellor of Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies (KUFOS). Dr was one of the 10 VCs whom the Governor asked to step down in the wake of a Supreme Court verdict. Total = --- The division bench of Chief Justice S Manikumar acted upon a petition moved by one K K Vijayan and others, challenging the appointment of Dr John as the VC for five years in January 2021. Vijayan had moved the high court alleging that Dr's appointment violated University Grants Commission (UGC) norms. The high court on Monday ordered the formation of a search-cum-selection committee as per the UGC norms. The Governor, as the KUFOS chancellor, is the first respondent in the petition

Dr K Riji John 11 VCs

his verdict gains significance against the backdrop of the Governor’s move to terminate 10 VCs of various universities in Kerala in the wake of the October 21 Supreme Court verdict which declared the appointment of Dr---- as the VC of A P J Abdul Kalam Technological University as illegal and void ab initio. The Supreme Court pointed out that Dr Rajasree’s appointment was against UGC norm. In December 2021, on the petition challenging the appointment of the KUFOS VC, the Governor furnished an affidavit saying that the appointment conformed with the statutory provision stipulating that the VC shall be appointed by the Chancellor on the advice of the selection committee. The selection committee was chaired by Kerala State Planning Board vice-chairman ------, who was the government’s nominee. It also included former pro-vice-chancellor of Kerala University J Prabhash and Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) deputy director general (fisheries science) J K Jena as the nominees of the KUFOS governing council and the ICAR director general, respectively. The panel shortlisted nine candidates and unanimously recommended Dr John for the post

M S Rajasree - apj kalam V K Ramachandran - commitee head

University Grants Commission (Institutions Deemed to be Universities) Regulations of ----. kerala's modified clauses, "Chancellor means the Chancellor appointed by the sponsoring body" and that "the Chancellor shall be an eminent person in the field of Art and Culture appointed by the sponsoring body". The rule regarding the tenure of the Chancellor was also amended. The amended clause on tenure states that "the Chancellor shall hold office for a term of five years from the date of assuming office and shall be eligible for reappointment for one more term, provided no person shall be eligible to hold the office on attaining the age of -- years

2019 75 ysrs

The government had requested Venugopal, 91, to continue as the Attorney General, following which he agreed to continue for three more months. His present tenure was coming to an end on June 30. This is the --- time the Centre has extended his tenure. Venugopal, who was appointed Attorney General in July ---, received his first extension of term in 2020. The Attorney General took over as the ----th Attorney General after senior advocate Mukul Rohatgi demitted office citing personal reasons. Venugopal was not willing to continue in the constitutional post due to personal reasons last year as well. But following a request by the central government, he has agreed to continue as the top law officer of the Union of India for three more months. Venugopal has represented Centre in many key cases including the constitutional challenge to dilution of Article 370, he has successfully defended the government in the Rafale case and in the challenge to Aadhaar. enior advocate R Venkataramani has been appointed as the -----th Attorney General of India.

3rd time extension 2017 15th 16th - venkata

Recently,Marital Rape Exception (MRE) was challenged in a petition before a two-judge bench of ---- High Court with Justice R---- and ---.. The petitions challenging the exception to Section ---- of the IPC were filed by -----, ---- and a marital rape victim.

delhi rajiv Shakdher and Justice C Hari Shankar section 375 (2 exceptons, marital rape is exception 2) NGO RIT Foundation+ All India Democratic Women’s Association + victim

Exception --- of Section 375 states that “sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under --- years of age, is not rape”. In October ---, the Supreme Court of India increased the age to 18 years. Apart from decriminalising marital rape, it mentions that medical procedures or interventions shall not constitute rape. In India, there are no legal provisions that define “marital rape". In ----, in the case of Nimeshbhai Bharatbhai Desai (2018) the court held that the MRE did not make the offence rape, but held that a woman could prosecute her husband for unnatural offences (Section 377). In ----, in the case of Hrishikesh Sahoo earlier this year, the court said that the MRE was an unequal provision and that marital status should not be an excuse in cases of sexual assault. It did not interfere with the framing of charges of rape of the wife against the husband

exception 2 15 yrs (later 18) 2017 Gujarat, 2018, nimeshbhai Bharatbhai Desai ktaka

The IPC was implemented in India during British colonial rule in 1860. Under the first version of the rules, the marital rape exception was applicable to women over ---- years of age. In ---, this age was raised to 15. In October ---, the Supreme Court ruled that sexual intercourse by a man with his wife, the wife not being under eighteen years of age, is not rape. Another colonial-era convention that influenced the exceptional clause on marital rape has its roots in the Doctrine of ----. According to it , a woman has no individual legal identity after marriage. Notably, the Doctrine found a mention during the hearing when the Supreme Court of India struck down adultery as a criminal offence in ---. Justice Indu Malhotra held that Section 497 (494: bigamy), that classified adultery as a crime, is based on the Doctrine. This doctrine, although not recognised by the Constitution, holds that a woman loses her identity and legal rights with marriage, is violative of her fundamental rights

over 10 yrs 1940 (made 15) 2017 (made 18) doctrine of coverture 2018

he first petitions to criminalise marital rape were filed in Delhi High Court in ---. In 2017, the central government filed an affidavit in the case, saying that criminalising marital rape “may destabilise the institution of marriage” and become a potential tool for harassing husbands. the need to remove this marital rape exception was rejected by the Law Commission of India in ----, while considering several proposals to reform India's laws on sexual violence. Following the Nirbhaya gang rape and murder case in 2012, the Justice ----- Committee was tasked with proposing amendments to India's rape laws. he was 2th cji .

2015 - delhi hc 2000 2012- justice js verma commitee/ Jagdish Sharan verma - 27th cji b lokur-bhimrao lokur

RIGHT TO ESTABLISH AN EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTION IS A FUNDAMENTAL RIGHT’; PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA CAN ONLY IMPOSE A MORATORIUM BY WAY OF LAW AND NOT BY EXECUTION INSTRUCTION: SC (PHARMACY COUNCIL OF INDIA V. RAJEEV PHARMACY COLLEGE) The Bench of BR Gavai and PS Narasimha, JJ has held that the right to establish an educational institution is a fundamental right under Article ---- of the Constitution of India, and reasonable restrictions on such a right can be imposed only by law and not by an execution instruction

19(1)(g)

COMPASSIONATE APPOINTMENT can/cannot----- ?? BE EXTENDED TO HEIRS OF THE RETIRING EMPLOYEES, HOLDS SUPREME COURT (AHMEDNAGAR MAHANAGARPALIKA V. AHMEDNAGAR MAHANAGARPALIKAKAMGAR UNION)

cannot

MOTHER, BEING THE ONLY NATURAL GUARDIAN AFTER BIOLOGICAL FATHER’S DEATH, CAN DECIDE CHILD’S SURNAME; CAN EVEN GIVE THE CHILD IN ADOPTION: SC (AKELLA LALITA V. SRI KONDA HANUMANTHA RAO) In a very important ruling, the Bench of -- and ----, JJ has held that the mother, who is the only natural/legal guardian of the child after the death of the biological father can decide the surname of the child. She can even give him the surname of her second husband whom she remarries after the death of her first husband and can she give the child for adoption to her husband.

Dinesh Maheshwari and Krishna Murari case: akela lalita v sri konda rao

case name? In a landmark case, the 3-judge Bench comprising of -- -- and --- (GAR) upheld sex workers right to identity and issued detailed directions for their protection and upliftment. The Court invoked Article 142 of the Constitution to fill the vacuum till such time the legislature steps in to cover the gap or the executive discharges its role and highlighted the Constitutional regard for human decency and dignity that has been explicitly incorporated into Article 21 by this Court. AADHAAR CARD FOR SEX WORKERS| SUPREME COURT BATS FOR SEX WORKERS’ RIGHT TO DIGNITY; DIRECTS UIDAI TO ISSUE AADHAAR CARD WITHOUT INSISTING ON ADDRESS PROOF

(BUDHADEVKARMASKAR V. STATE OF W.B.) L. Nageswara Rao, B. R. Gavai and A.S. Bopanna, JJ.,

ROM INVESTIGATION TILL THE CULMINATION OF APPEAL/REVISION, THE VICTIM HAS THE RIGHT TO BE HEARD AT EVERY STEP POST THE OCCURRENCE OF AN OFFENCE: SUPREME COURT (JAGJEET SINGH V. ASHISH MISHRA) In the Lakhimpur Kheri violence case, where the --- High Court had granted bail to the accused Ashish Mishra despite the fact that the ‘victims’ had got disconnected from the online proceedings and could not make effective submissions, the 3-judge Bench of NV Ramana, (then CJI) and Surya Kant, and ---, JJ has held that a ‘victim’ within the meaning of Section 2 (wa) of the CrPC cannot be asked to await the commencement of trial for asserting his/her right to participate in the proceedings. He / She has a legally vested right to be heard at every step post the occurrence of an offence. Such a 'victim' has unbridled participatory rights from the stage of investigation till the culmination of the proceedings in an appeal or revision

allahbad Hima Kohli + ramana+surya kant

The Division Bench of Justice M.R. Shah and B.V. Nagarathna, JJ., affirmed the decision of --- High Court wherein the High Court had rejected a hawker’s claim to be permitted to leave his goods and wares at hawking place overnight

delhi hc

SC ALLOWS TAMIL NADU TO GRANT 50% RESERVATION FOR IN-SERVICE DOCTORS IN SUPER SPECIALTY MEDICAL COURSES (N. KARTHIKEYAN V. STATE OF ----) In the issue relating to the reservation of 50% Super Specialty seats for in-service candidates in Government Medical Colleges in the State of ----- the Bench of L. Nageswara Rao and BR Gavai, JJ has refused to extend the interim protection which was granted for the academic year 2020-2021.The Supreme Court expressed a prima facie view that States are competent to provide reservation for in-service doctors in super-speciality medical courses

tn 50% to doctors

100 PERCENT RESERVATION FOR TEACHERS IN SCHEDULED DISTRICTS UNCONSTITUTIONAL, COMPROMISES THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION: SUPREME COURT (SATYAJIT KUMAR VS. STATE OF JHARKHAND) A Division Bench of the Supreme Court, consisting Justices MR Shah, and Justice BV Nagrathna, while upholding the --- High Court decision striking down notifications issued by the State in --- providing 100% reservation for the residents of 13 Scheduled Areas in the State, noted that as per Article 16(3) read with Article ---, local domicile reservation can be provided only through a law enacted by the Parliament and the State Legislature has no power to do so. The Court declared the notification to be void under Article 13 for violating fundamental rights and declared it to be ultra vires.

jharkhand 2016 order - 100% rservation art 35

USPENSION OF --- MAHARASHTRA BJP MLAS FOR ONE YEAR “GROSSLY ILLEGAL”; WORSE THAN EXPULSION, DISQUALIFICATION OR RESIGNATION: SC (ASHISH SHELAR AND ORS. V. THE MAHARASHTRA LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY &ANR.)

12 mlas in maha

--- High Court’s Madurai Bench of Justice S. Srimathy observed in order to preserve and conserve all corresponding rights, duties and liabilities of a living person the Court declared “Mother Nature” as a “Living Being” having a legal entity/ legal person / juristic person / juridical person / moral person / artificial person having the status of a legal person and invoked the “parens patriae jurisdiction”

madras hc

(UNION OF INDIA VS GANPATI DEALCOM PVT. LTD.) The judgment delivered by a 3-judge Bench comprising N V Ramana(then CJI) and Justices Krishna Murari and Hima Kohli has quashed all prosecution and forfeiture proceedings pertaining to transactions entered into before October 25, 2016. The old benami law i.e. Benami Transactions Act of --- ( “Benami Act”) was amended on the said date by the Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Amendment Act, --- (“2016 Amendments”) and the Supreme Court declared Section 3 and Section 5, introduced through this amendment, as unconstitutional.

1988 2016

The Supreme Court Bench of Justices KM Joseph and Hrishikesh Roy, has held that the National Green Tribunal under Section --- and --- of the NGT Act does not oust the High Court’s jurisdiction under Articles -- and --- as the same is a part of the basic structure of the Constitution; and the remedy of direct appeal to the Supreme Court under Section 22 of the NGT Act is intra vires the Constitution of India, and it cannot be seen as denial of access to justice to the litigants in the field of environmental law.

section 14 and 22 art 226 and 227 of hc

(NOEL HARPER VS. UNION OF INDIA) In a major win for the Union of India, the 3-judge Bench of AM Khanwilkar, Dinesh Maheshwari and CT Ravikumar, JJ has upheld the validity of the amendments to the provisions of the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Act, -- vide the Foreign Contribution (Regulation) Amendment Act, --. The Court was of the opinion that receiving foreign donation cannot be an absolute or even a vested right. Further, the Bench observed that the opening of main FCRA account in the designated bank as per the law cannot be brushed aside on the specious argument of some inconvenience being caused to the registered associations.

2010 2020 noel harper v uoi

NO INDIVIDUAL CAN BE FORCED TO BE VACCINATED; HOLDS SUPREME COURT. RESTRICTIONS ON UNVACCINATED PERSONS TO BE REVISED FOR NOW (----- V. UNION OF INDIA) In a landmark ruling on COVID-19 vaccination drive, the Bench of L. Nageswara Rao, and BR Gavai, JJ has held that bodily integrity is protected under Article -- of the Constitution of India and no individual can be forced to be vaccinated.

JACOB PULIYEL vs uoi art 21

ALL PENDING CASES TO BE KEPT IN ABEYANCE; CENTRE/STATES URGED NOT TO REGISTER FRESH CASES TILL SECTION 124A IS REVIEWED: SC (-----V. UNION OF INDIA) In the petitions challenging the Constitutionality of Section ---of the Penal Code 1860 dealing with the offence of Sedition, the 3-judge Bench of NV Ramana(then CJI)and Surya Kant and Hima Kohli, JJ has urged the State and Central Governments to restrain from registering any FIR, continuing any investigation or taking any coercive measures by invoking Section -- of IPC while the sedition law is under consideration.

S.G. VOMBATKERE 124A section

SUPREME COURT SETS ASIDE PUNJAB & HARYANA HC ORDER STAYING HARYANA LAW ON ----% DOMICILE RESERVATION IN PRIVATE SECTOR JOBS (STATE OF HARYANA V. FARIDABAD INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION) The Supreme Court Bench of L. Nageswara Rao and P.S. Narasimha JJ, set aside an order of the Punjab & Haryana High Court staying the Haryana State Employment of Local Candidates Act, --, which grants --- percent reservation in private sector jobs to persons domiciled in Haryana. The Bench held that, stay of legislation can only be when the Court is of the opinion that it is manifestly unjust or glaringly unconstitutional - Sufficient reasons should be given for staying legislations.

75% 2020

SC BACKS CENTRE’S --- SCHEME (INDIAN EX SERVICEMEN MOVEMENT &ORS. VS. UNION OF INDIA &ORS.) scheme in defence forces

OROP

HIJAB BAN IN KARNATAKA EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (---- VS. STATE OF KARNATAKA) On March 15th 2022, a three-Judge Bench of the Karnataka High Court comprising Chief Justice ---- and Justices Krishna S. Dixit and J.M. Khazi upheld the ban on the hijab in the State’s educational institutions. The Court further held that wearing the hijab is not an Essential Religious Practice in Islamic faith and thus It did not merit protection under Article 25 of the Constitution of India, 1950. A Full Bench of the High Court further held that prescription of school uniform by the State is a reasonable restriction on the students' rights under Article 25 and thus, the Government Order issued by the Karnataka Government is not violative of their rights.

RESHAM cj of ktaka hc: Ritu Raj Awasthi + krishna dixit + jm khazi

DELHI HIGH COURT JUDGES DIFFER ON CONSTITUTIONALITY BUT AGREE THAT SUPREME COURT SHOULD SETTLE THE ISSUE ON MARITAL RAPE (-----V. UNION OF INDIA) Petition was filed by NGO ----, ------Association and opposed by NGO Men Welfare Trust. A Division Bench of the Delhi High Court recently delivered a split verdict on whether exception two to Section 375 of the Indian Penal Code, i.e., marital rape exception, violates articles --, -- and ---.. This exception states that sexual acts by a man with his adult wife are not rape. While Justice ---- held that the marital rape exception violates Articles 14, 19, and 21 of the Constitution, Justice----- said the challenge to the provision has no legs to stand on. he held that a husband is exercising his right vested in him by marriage when he asks his wife for sex and even if he forces himself on her, it can't be compared to the act of ravishing by a stranger. The Bench issued a certificate of leave in order to appeal to SC as the petitions involve substantial questions of law to be decided by the Ape Court.  No statute or legislation defines Marital Rape in India. However, the same has been criminalized in ---Countries by explicit legislation.

RIT FOUNDATION All India Democratic Women’s Association (+ rit found ) art 14, 15 and 21 Rajiv Shakdher - criminalise C Hari Shankar- not criminalise 77 countries

Rule -- of mtp act, 1971 says speaks of a change of marital status during an ongoing pregnancy and is followed in parenthesis by the words “widowhood and divorce”. The expression “change of marital status” should be given a purposive rather than a restrictive interpretation and need not be construed to be exhaustive of the category which precedes it”. Thus, it was observed that the drastic change in the matrimonial life of a pregnant woman is equivalent to the ‘change of her marital status’ and the word ‘divorce’ cannot in any manner qualify or restrict that right. Rule 3B (women eligible for termination of pregnancy up to twenty-four weeks), and observed that women, whose marital status changed during the ongoing pregnancy (widowhood or divorce), are also included.

3B(c) - Clause (c) of Rule 3B

urther, as per Section ---- of the MTP Act, 1971 pregnancy can be permitted to be terminated by a registered medical practitioner, when it doesnt exceed -- weeks. Object of Section --- of MTP Act allowing woman to undergo abortion after ---- but before 24 weeks..including only married and excluding unmarried woman will be violative of Article --- (of the Constitution)”.and as pert this, Section , if the length of pregnancy exceeds 20 weeks, but does not exceed 24 weeks, then Medical termination of pregnancycan be permitted based on the opinion of --- registered medical practitioners that, continuance of pregnancy would involve risk to the life of the pregnant woman or grave injury to her physical and mental health or that, if the child were born, it would suffer serious physical or mental abnormality

3(2)(a) section 20 weeks 3(2)(b) section after 20 wks but before 24 wks art 14 2 rmps

he Court referred to the ruling in --- vs ---- ) DATE 9 SCC 1, wherein it was held that “a woman’s right to make reproductive choice is also a dimension of her personal liberty, as understood under Article 21 of the Constitution of India and there can be no restriction on a woman’s right to exercise her reproductive choice to either procreate or to abstain from procreating”

Suchita Srivastava v. Chandigarh Admn, (2009

Central Government is to clear the appointment of Senior Advocate --- as judge of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh High Court.  He would be the first Muslim Judge from Jammu to the Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh HC.

Sadiq Wasim Nargal

--- is perhaps best known for his controversial appointment as the ----th Chief Justice of India in -----. In an unprecedented departure from convention, the Indira Gandhi Government appointed him as CJI over three senior Judges merely a day after the Court’s famed decision in Kesavananda Bharati v State of Kerala, 1973. Following his retirement, Justice --- was appointed as CJI, superseding the senior-most Judge of the Court—Justice ------, presumably in retaliation for his scathing dissent in ADM Jabalpur v Shivakant Shukla, 1976. In ----, Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru appointed Justice Gajendragadkar as CJI, superseding Justice ---, who at the time was suffering from a serious illness that affected his mental capacity.

justice ray 14th cji 1973 justice beg justice khanna - seniormost 1964 justice imam superseded by justice ganejdragadkar

legal current aff pt 2 Flashcards

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