Legal English 1 Flashcards
(162 cards)
1
Q
asianosainen, asiapuoli, oikeudenkäyntiasianosainen, osapuoli, riitapuoli
A
partythe parties TO a legal action
2
Q
sopimusoikeus
A
law of contract
3
Q
oikeudenvastainen teko. siviilioikeudellinen rikkomus
A
tort
4
Q
huolimattomuus
A
negligence
5
Q
hallinnan loukkaus, kotirauhan rikkominen
A
trespass
6
Q
häiriö
A
nuisance
7
Q
rikos
A
offence = crime
8
Q
for example
A
e.g. (exemplia gratia)
9
Q
teko, toimi, toimenpide
A
act
10
Q
laiminlyöminen, laiminlyönti, tekemättä jättäminen
A
omission
11
Q
käsittely, oikeudenkäynti, oikeudenkäyntimenettely, prosessi
A
proceedings
12
Q
menettely riita-asioissa
A
civil proceedings
13
Q
menettely rikosasioissa
A
criminal proceedings
14
Q
syyttäjä
A
prosecutor
15
Q
syyttää
A
to prosecute
16
Q
syyte
A
prosecution
17
Q
syytetty, vastaaja
A
defendant
18
Q
langettava päätös, tuomitseminen
A
conviction
19
Q
julistaa syylliseksi
A
to convict
20
Q
rangaista
A
to punish
21
Q
rangaistus
A
punishment
22
Q
elinkautinen vankeusrangaistus
A
life imprisonment
23
Q
sakko
A
fine
24
Q
ehdollinen vankeusrangaistus
A
probation
25
vapauttaa
to discharge someone without punishment
26
kantaja
plaintiff (claimant, after 1998 in England and Wales)
27
haastaa oikeuteen, käräjöidä
to sue
28
oikeuden tuomio, päätös
judgment
29
oikeuskeino
remedy/ remedies (pl.)
30
kieltomääräys, kieltotuomio
an injunction
31
luontoissuoritus
specific performance to perform a contract
32
vahingonkorvaus
damages
33
vastuunalainen, vastuuvelvollinen
liable
34
toimivalta
jurisdiction
35
alioikeus, ensimmäinen oikeusaste
a court of first instancea court of original jurisdiction
36
muutoksenhakutuomioistuin, valitusinstanssi, valitustuomioistuin
an appellate courta court of appellate jurisdictiona court of appealthe crown court exercises original and appellate jurisdictionthis court has jurisdiction over criminal and civil cases
37
oikeuden ratkaisu, tuomio
adjudication
38
testamentin valvominen
probate
39
kirkkolaki
canon law
40
testamentti
will
41
valittaa, hakea muutosta
to appealshe appealed against the sentence (G.B)he appealed the verdict (USA)an appeal is taken from the High Court to the Court of Appealappellate/ appeal (adj)
42
muutoksenhakija, valittaja
appellant
43
vastaaja
respondent
44
muutoksenhaku, valituslupa
leave to appeal
45
avio-, avioliitto-
matrimonial
46
avioliiton ulkopuolella syntynyt lapsi
illegitimate child
47
maallikkorauhantuomari
lay magistrate
48
palkkaa nauttiva rauhantuomari
stipendiary magistrate
49
lupa, suostumus
consent
50
syytetty henkilösyytetty
the accused personthe accusedto be accused of a crime, murder, etc.(to commit a crimehe committed arsonto be convicted of a criminal offence, murder, etc.)
51
todistustaakka, todistamisvelvollisuusvaadittu näyttö
burden of proofstandard of proofBeyond all reasonable doubtOn the balance of probabilities
52
päätös
verdictto reach a verdict
53
antaa vapauttava päätös, julistaa syyttömäksi, vapauttaa syytteestä
to acquitshe was acquitted of the crime
54
vapauttava tuomio
an acquittal
55
mitata rangaistus, tuomitatuomita joku rangaistukseenlangettaa tuomio
to sentenceto sentence someone to a punishmentto pass sentencesentencing (adj)
56
asettaa, määrätä, säätää
to imposeto impose a fine of 100 € to someone
57
uudelleenkäsittely
retrial
58
tappo
manslaughter
59
raiskaus
rape
60
murhapoltto, tuhopoltto
arson
61
esikuulustelu
preliminary enquiry
62
ensi näkemältä
prima facie
63
murto, murtovarkaus
burglary
64
To hear:
Some English courts hear both civil and criminal casesThe case will be heard in the High Court next week
65
A hearing:
The hearing lasted ten days.
66
To try:
The court was not competent to try the case.He was tried in the Crown Court for arson.
67
A trial:
She is on trial for armed robbery.Trial by jury
68
To sit:
The court sat from 11 o'clock until 5 o'clock.
69
A sitting:
There will be a sitting of the High Court next month.
70
tekijä
perpetrator
71
tappelu, tappelurikos
affray
72
rikoksentekijä
offender
73
väitetty rikoksentekijä
the alleged offender
74
tuomioistuinlaitos
the judiciary
75
to put a person on trial
--
76
olettaa
to presume
77
syyttömyysolettama
the presumption of innocence
78
the convicted person
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79
lainvastainen tekorikollinen tietoisuus
actus reusmens rea
80
aikoa, tarkoittaa aikomus, tahallisuus, tahto, tarkoitus harkittu, tahallinen tahallaan, tahallisesti
to intendintention /intent (n.)intentional (adj.) intentionally (adv.)
81
huolimaton
reckless
82
törkeä huolimattomuus
gross negligence
83
kajota, loukata, rikkoaloukkaus
to infringeinfringement
84
seurausvastuurikos
strict liability crime
85
lainsäädäntö
legislation
86
alaikäinen
minor
87
to be liable for something
--
88
" ... to have prosecution brought against him or her"
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89
isännänvastuu
vicarious liability vicariously liable
90
petospetollinen
fraudfraudulent
91
päämies
principal
92
suosia rikoksentekijää
to aid and abet a criminal
93
THE JURY: VOCABULARY Supreme Court Act 1981, s. (section) 69 trial by jury = valamiesoikeudenkäynti to try triable = (of an offense) liable to a judicial trial."Many offences are triable either way abolition to abolish = (Judicial corporal punishment of adults and juveniles was abolished ln England, Wales andScotland in 1948 and in Northern Ireland in 1968.) malicious = ilkeä, tahallinen ("malicious destruction of property") malice = ilkeys, paha aikomus (the intention or desire to do evil; ill will.) to plead a plea of guilty = a guilty plea where a defendant admits formally to a crime in court qualified / disqualified for jury service eligible / ineligible for jury service Criminal Justice Bill provided that = on condition, as long as, providing elector to render s-e ineligible = to make s-e ineligible juror
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94
TYRER CASE VOCABULARYTEXT 1in accordance with article 43..under article 25..pursuant to section 56.. = as a result of, e.g. pursuant to conversation, the contract was draftedhereinafterto deliberate - to give careful thought to somethingdeliberate (adj.) : intentionalto deliver a judgmentto refer to something as - to give a name to somethingto refer a case to a court - to pass on a case to another court to decideto lodge an applicationapplicanthe pleaded guilty before the local juvenile court to unlawful assault occasioning actual bodily harmthe applicant was sentenced on the same day to three strokes of the birchhe appealed against the sentencethe appeal was heard and dismissedthe birchingto birchto amend = to alter or change, such as a pleading, a contract, a motion (as amended by section 8 ofthe Summary Jurisdiction Act 1960)an amendment a breach of the peace - a disturbance when harm is done or is likely to be done to a personrespectively - in the same order as the items that have just been mentionedTEXT 2fiscal system = tax systemprior to... - beforetreaty / treaties = sopimus (a formally concluded and ratified agreement between countries.)applicable toto apply - this treaty applies to the Isle of Manan express inclusion - an inclusion clearly stated in wordsto legislatelegislationlegislatureto abolishabolitionto endorse - to agree withto retain - to keepretentiona deterrentto deter s-e from doing s-e - to discourage s-e from doing s-g by showingthem that the result of such action would be unpleasantto re-affirm - to state again petition - adressi to cite - to quote, to refer to s-g he was convicted of a crime of violence
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95
law of succession
laws relating to how property shall pass to others whenthe owner dies.
96
1. to revokerevocationa revocation clause
peruuttaakumotato revoke a will
97
perintö / testamenttilahjoitustestamentata
2. a legacy/ a bequestto bequeath - he bequeathed his shares to his daughterto devise
98
testator / testatrixwitness(es)
a person who has made a will or given a legacy.a woman who has made a will or given a legacy.
99
estate / assets
kuolinpesä/ omaisuus / varat
100
executor/executrix(executioner) = DIFFERENT THING!
testamentin toimeenpanija
101
intestacyintestate - to die intestate
Intestacy is the condition of the estate of a person who dies owning property greater than the sum of their enforceable debts and funeral expenses without having made a valid will or other binding declaration
102
a trust: a legal arrangement under which a person (a trustee) has a dutyto look after goods or money or property for another person(a beneficiary).he left his property in trust for his grandchildren
a beneficiary = edunsaajaa person who derives advantage from something, especially a trust, will, or life insurance policy.
103
to inherit an inheritance - an inheritance of £ 1.000to disinherit
he inherited £ 10.000 from his uncle
104
to execute a will
to complete the formalities (signing and witnessingnecessary for the will to become legally valid
105
(a) codicil
Lisätestamenttian addition or supplement that explains, modifies, or revokes a will or part of one.
106
spouse / issue
aviopuoliso / puolisorintaperilliset
107
net / gross
netto = velkojen vähentämisen jälkeenbrutto = kokonaisuus
108
probate : legal acceptance that a will is validgrant of probate : the official document proving the will is genuine, givento the executors so that they can act on the terms of the willthe executor was granted probate / obtained probate
--
109
an agreement made by a couple before they marry concerning the ownership of their respective assets should the marriage fail.
prenuptial agreementantenuptial agreementpremarital agreement
110
money lent to another person usually to buy real estate, the real estate is used as security for the loan
mortgage
111
to support; to enforce
to uphold
112
to get round, to avoid
to circumvent
113
previous marriagesbefore marriage
prior marriagesprior to marriage
114
property devision
property disposition
115
to make something invalid, to invalidate
to void
116
conditions, terms or instructions which must be followed or carried out
binding provisions
117
unenforceable
e.g. an unenforceable contract
118
notary
a lawyer authorized to draw up and witness certain legal documents, thus making them official
119
perustuslakiperustuslainmukainen perustuslainvastainen rikkomus, loukkaus rikkoa
constitution = perustuslakiconstitutional = perustuslainmukainen‘in conformity with the Constitution’ unconstitutional = perustuslainvastainen ‘in violation of the Constitution’violation = rikkomus, loukkaus to violate = rikkoa
120
asiakirja
instrument
121
lainsäädännöllinen (adj)
legislative
122
määrätä, säätää
to prescribe “…the exercise of sovereign powers. …”
123
lainmuutosperustuslain muutosmuuttaa
amendmentconstitutional amendment to amend
124
here: laki, säädös
act
125
asetus, järjestyssääntö, säädös
ordinance
126
mitätön
null and void
127
antaa toimivalta
to grant power to“… a grant of power …from … to …”to delegate powers to
128
federated (adj.)
yhdistynyt
129
toimivaltuudet on pidätetty
powers are reserved to
130
nimenomainen
express (adj.)expressly
131
jäännöstoimivalta, jäljelle jääneet toimivaltuudet
residual power
132
to adopt a law, constitution, proposal
antaa säädös jne.
133
taata
to assure
134
here: ehto, määräys, säännös
provision
135
lehdistö
the press
136
ala, haara, toimiala
branch
137
hallinto ja hallitushallinnollinen
executive (n.) hallinto ja hallitus executive (adj.) hallinnollinen
138
lainsäädäntöelin, lainsäätäjä
legislature (n.) lainsäädäntöelin, lainsäätäjä legislative (adj.)
139
oikeuslaitos, tuomioistuinlaitosjuridinen, oikeudellinen
the judiciary (n.) oikeuslaitos, tuomioistuinlaitosjudicial (adj.) juridinen, oikeudellinen
140
aiheeton, asiaankuulumaton, kohtuuton
undue
141
kiistää
to contest
142
aihe, perusta, peruste, syy
ground/ grounds
143
X conflicts with the Constitution, or a law S-g was held unconstitutional by the Supreme Court
--
144
peruuttaa
to nullify
145
liittohallitus
federal government
146
panna täytäntöön, toimeenpanna
to enforce
147
vaali valita
election vaali to elect valita to be re-elected
148
toimikausi
term of office
149
antaa säädös, hyväksyä laki
to enact
150
käyttää vetoaan
to vetoa veto
151
lakiehdotus
a bill
152
hylätä
to overrule
153
antaa jklle työtä
to assign duties to s-e
154
ottaa virka vastaan
to assume an office
155
“Under the U.S. Constitution …” a sitting President ?
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156
menettää virkansa
to be removed from office
157
loppua, päättyä
to expire
158
syyttää virkatoimestaan
to impeachimpeachment bill of impeachment
159
riittävä todiste
sufficient evidence
160
luonnostella, valmistella
to draft
161
erota virasta
to resign from office
162
EUROPEAN LAW: VOCABULARY “to be bound by Community law” (2) “Directives are binding on Member States” (33) “… law which binds both Member States and Community institutions” (16-17) to be bound BY + (adjective) noun to be binding ON + (adjective) noun to bind + (adjective) noun “capable of passing directly into national law” (4) “the passage of the European Communities Act 1972” (6-7) “pass into the law of a Member State automatically” (27) “passing a new law” (36) “detailed substantive provisions” (17-18) “The terms of the various treaties” (22-23) “the Court has already ruled on that particular issue” (52-53) “the Court of Justice has given a preliminary ruling” (54) Explaining what a law says: “The Treaty provides that further legislation may be made by the Council of Ministers and the Commission.” (24) “This is when the relevant part lays down an unconditional obligation and grants enforceable individual rights.” (42-43) “…where the action has exceeded the powers laid down by treaty.” (65) The law stipulates that corporations must have three governing bodies. The patent law specifies that the subject matter must be ‘useful’. The following verbs can also be used to express what a law says: The law states / sets forth / determines / prescribes that …
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