Legal Task 1 Revision

Question 1

What is procedural fairness?

Answer 1

Procedural fairness refers to the fairness of the processes that lead to legal outcomes.

Question 2

True or False: Procedural fairness only applies to criminal cases.

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Fill in the blank: Procedural fairness is also known as __________ justice.

Answer 3

natural

Question 4

What are the two main principles of procedural fairness?

Answer 4

The right to a fair hearing and the rule against bias.

Question 5

What is the difference between common law and statute law?

Answer 5

Common law is developed by judges through court decisions, while statute law is created by legislative bodies.

Question 6

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is an example of statute law? A) A judge’s ruling B) A law passed by Parliament C) A legal precedent D) A court’s interpretation

Answer 6

B) A law passed by Parliament

Question 7

What is the primary source of common law?

Answer 7

Judicial decisions or case law.

Question 8

True or False: Statute law can override common law.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

What does the division of powers refer to?

Answer 9

The distribution of authority between different levels of government.

Question 10

Fill in the blank: In the United States, the division of powers is primarily between the __________, state, and local governments.

Answer 10

federal

Question 11

Multiple Choice: Which level of government is responsible for enacting federal laws? A) State B) Local C) National D) Municipal

Answer 11

C) National

Question 12

What is the significance of the rule against bias in procedural fairness?

Answer 12

It ensures that decision-makers are impartial and do not have a personal interest in the outcome.

Question 13

True or False: Common law can evolve over time through judicial interpretation.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

What is the role of precedent in common law?

Answer 14

Precedent binds lower courts to follow the legal principles established in previous rulings.

Question 15

Multiple Choice: Which of the following best describes statute law? A) Unwritten law B) Codified law C) Historical law D) Customary law

Answer 15

B) Codified law

Question 16

What type of law is created by legislative bodies?

Answer 16

Statute law

Question 17

Fill in the blank: The principle of __________ fairness requires that individuals have the opportunity to present their case.

Answer 17

procedural

Question 18

True or False: Statute law is always superior to common law.

Answer 18

True

Question 19

What is the purpose of procedural fairness in legal proceedings?

Answer 19

To ensure that all parties have a fair chance to present their case and that decisions are made impartially.

Question 20

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of common law? A) Developed by judges B) Based on statutes C) Evolves through case law D) Follows precedents

Answer 20

B) Based on statutes

Question 21

What does the term ‘legislative supremacy’ refer to?

Answer 21

The principle that legislative bodies have the ultimate authority to create laws.

Question 22

Fill in the blank: The __________ of powers is a key feature of federal systems of government.

Answer 22

division

Question 23

True or False: Procedural fairness is only a concern in administrative law.

Answer 23

False

Question 24

What is the significance of the right to appeal in procedural fairness?

Answer 24

It allows individuals to challenge decisions made in their cases, ensuring oversight and correction of potential errors.

Question 25

Multiple Choice: Which of the following represents a limitation on legislative powers? A) Constitutional provisions B) Judicial review C) Public opinion D) All of the above

Answer 25

D) All of the above

Question 26

Fill in the blank: In common law, the principle of __________ requires that similar cases be decided in a similar manner.

Answer 26

stare decisis

Question 27

What is the impact of judicial interpretations on statute law?

Answer 27

Judicial interpretations can clarify, expand, or limit the application of statute law.

Question 28

True or False: The concept of procedural fairness is universally accepted across all legal systems.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

What is the relationship between common law and statutes?

Answer 29

Common law can fill gaps in statutes, but statutes can also modify or abolish common law principles.

Question 30

Multiple Choice: Which document often outlines the division of powers in a federal system? A) Constitution B) Statute C) Case law D) Treaty

Answer 30

A) Constitution

Question 31

Fill in the blank: The __________ of powers helps to prevent the concentration of authority in one branch of government.

Answer 31

division

Question 32

What is meant by the term 'judicial review'?

Answer 32

The power of courts to assess whether a law is in compliance with the constitution.

Question 33

True or False: The principle of procedural fairness only applies to government actions.

Answer 33

False

Question 34

What is the common law doctrine of 'equity'?

Answer 34

A set of legal principles that aim to achieve fairness and justice in legal proceedings.

Question 35

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT typically a feature of statute law? A) Clarity B) Flexibility C) Codification D) Specificity

Answer 35

B) Flexibility

Question 36

Fill in the blank: The __________ system is characterized by the coexistence of common law and statute law.

Answer 36

legal

Question 37

What does 'separation of powers' entail?

Answer 37

The division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.

Question 38

True or False: All legal systems have a clear division of powers.

Answer 38

False

Question 39

What role do administrative tribunals play in procedural fairness?

Answer 39

They are responsible for ensuring that decisions affecting individuals are made fairly and in accordance with the principles of procedural fairness.

Question 40

Multiple Choice: Which type of law is primarily concerned with the rights and duties of individuals? A) Criminal law B) Civil law C) Administrative law D) Constitutional law

Answer 40

B) Civil law

Question 41

Fill in the blank: The __________ of powers is essential for ensuring accountability within government.

Answer 41

division

Question 42

What is the principle of separation of powers?

Answer 42

The principle of separation of powers is the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to prevent any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.

Question 43

Name the three branches of government in Australia.

Answer 43

The three branches of government in Australia are the Executive, the Legislature, and the Judiciary.

Question 44

True or False: The High Court of Australia is the highest court in the Australian judicial system.

Answer 44

True

Question 45

What role does the High Court of Australia play?

Answer 45

The High Court interprets and applies the law, resolves disputes, and ensures that laws comply with the Australian Constitution.

Question 46

Fill in the blank: The High Court of Australia has _______ jurisdiction over constitutional matters.

Answer 46

original

Question 47

Which section of the Australian Constitution establishes the High Court?

Answer 47

Section 71

Question 48

What is the primary purpose of the United Nations?

Answer 48

The primary purpose of the United Nations is to promote international cooperation and maintain international peace and security.

Question 49

List one key function of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs).

Answer 49

One key function of NGOs is to advocate for social change and human rights.

Question 50

True or False: NGOs are typically funded by government sources.

Answer 50

False

Question 51

What is the significance of the United Nations General Assembly?

Answer 51

The United Nations General Assembly is significant as it provides a forum for all member states to discuss and coordinate on international issues.

Question 52

What type of jurisdiction does the High Court have over appeals?

Answer 52

The High Court has appellate jurisdiction over decisions made by lower courts.

Question 53

Multiple Choice: What are the three branches of government in Australia? A) Executive, Legislative, Judicial B) Administrative, Legislative, Executive C) Federal, State, Local

Answer 53

A) Executive, Legislative, Judicial

Question 54

What is one method by which the High Court can influence legislation?

Answer 54

The High Court can influence legislation by ruling laws unconstitutional.

Question 55

Fill in the blank: The UN is headquartered in _______.

Answer 55

New York City

Question 56

What is the role of the Security Council within the UN?

Answer 56

The Security Council is responsible for maintaining international peace and security.

Question 57

True or False: The High Court can review the actions of the Executive branch.

Answer 57

True

Question 58

What is a key characteristic of NGOs?

Answer 58

NGOs are typically independent from government influence.

Question 59

What is the name of the treaty that established the United Nations?

Answer 59

The UN Charter

Question 60

What does the term 'judicial review' refer to?

Answer 60

Judicial review refers to the power of the courts to examine and invalidate legislative and executive actions that are inconsistent with the Constitution.

Question 61

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a branch of government? A) Executive B) Legislative C) Administrative

Answer 61

C) Administrative

Question 62

What is the relationship between the High Court and the Constitution?

Answer 62

The High Court interprets the Constitution and ensures that laws align with it.

Question 63

Fill in the blank: The High Court of Australia was established in _______.

Answer 63

1901

Question 64

True or False: NGOs can operate at both national and international levels.

Answer 64

True

Question 65

What is one of the main functions of the International Court of Justice?

Answer 65

To settle legal disputes between states and give advisory opinions on international legal issues.

Question 66

What is the role of the Prime Minister in the Australian government?

Answer 66

The Prime Minister leads the Executive branch and is responsible for government policy and decision-making.

Question 67

Multiple Choice: How many judges are there in the High Court of Australia? A) 5 B) 7 C) 9

Answer 67

B) 7

Question 68

What does the term 'executive power' refer to?

Answer 68

Executive power refers to the authority to enforce laws and administer public policy.

Question 69

True or False: The High Court can create new laws.

Answer 69

False

Question 70

What is the main purpose of the UN Sustainable Development Goals?

Answer 70

To address global challenges and promote prosperity while protecting the planet.

Question 71

Fill in the blank: The High Court's decisions are _______ and must be followed by lower courts.

Answer 71

binding

Question 72

What is one way NGOs contribute to humanitarian efforts?

Answer 72

NGOs provide aid and support in crisis situations.

Question 73

What does the term 'legislative power' refer to?

Answer 73

Legislative power refers to the authority to make laws.

Question 74

True or False: The High Court has the power to hear all types of cases.

Answer 74

False

Question 75

What is the significance of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights?

Answer 75

It sets out fundamental human rights to be universally protected.

Question 76

Multiple Choice: Who appoints the judges of the High Court? A) The Prime Minister B) The Governor-General C) The Parliament

Answer 76

B) The Governor-General

Question 77

What is the function of the Australian Parliament?

Answer 77

The function of the Australian Parliament is to make and amend laws.

Question 78

Fill in the blank: The UN has _______ member states.

Answer 78

193

Question 79

What is the role of the High Court in protecting individual rights?

Answer 79

The High Court protects individual rights by ensuring laws adhere to constitutional principles.

Question 80

True or False: NGOs can receive funding from both private and public sources.

Answer 80

True

Question 81

What is the role of the UN in conflict resolution?

Answer 81

The UN plays a role in conflict resolution through peacekeeping missions and diplomatic negotiations.

Question 82

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a function of the Judiciary? A) Enforcing laws B) Interpreting laws C) Making laws

Answer 82

B) Interpreting laws

Question 83

What is the role of the Governor-General in the Australian government?

Answer 83

The Governor-General represents the monarch and performs ceremonial duties, including giving royal assent to legislation.

Question 84

What is the definition of state sovereignty?

Answer 84

State sovereignty is the principle that a state has the ultimate authority over its territory and the power to govern itself without external interference.

Question 85

True or False: State sovereignty means that a state cannot be held accountable for human rights violations.

Answer 85

False

Question 86

Fill in the blank: The concept of state sovereignty is primarily associated with the notion of __________.

Answer 86

territorial integrity

Question 87

Which of the following best describes the modern understanding of state sovereignty? A) Absolute power B) Limited power C) Shared power

Answer 87

B) Limited power

Question 88

What are the two main aspects of state sovereignty?

Answer 88

Internal sovereignty and external sovereignty.