Legislation. ICT in Engineering Flashcards
(38 cards)
What does ICT stand for?
I - Information
C - Communication
T - Technology
What is ICT?
ICT encompasses the technology for processing information.
-system
-network components
-communication devices
-software applications
-converting
-storing
-processing
-transmitting
-retrieving
Why ICT in Engineering?
Engineers ensure the products and systems are fit for purpose (or meet specifications)
Engineers coordinate activities:
-simulation
-modelling
-prototyping
-manufacturing
-testing
-installation
-project management
In advance of manufacturing, engineers apply ICT to achieve goals such as:
-Eliminating flaws
-Reducing variation
-Minimising iterations
What is Computer Crime?
It is a crime that involves computers and network
“The unlawful Acts whereby the Computer is either a tool or target or both”
Who are computer criminals?
-Authorised employees
-Employees who were not authorised to use a computer system
-Outside users – Hackers and Crackers
-An Organisation’s competitors
-Others
Types of Computer Crime:
-Theft of Hardware/Software
-Hacking
-Spamming
-Sniffing
-Denial of service attack
-Identity theft Fishing/Skimming
What is theft of hardware?
Act of stealing computer equipment:
Types:
-Opening computers and taking parts out of them
-Hardware theft also happens in retails stores, when people break, open the package and shoplift the item
What is Theft of software?
Unauthorised duplication and/or use of computer software
Types:
-Physically steal a media that contain the software
-Remove or disable the programs that have been written from the company computers (made by programmers)
-Software is stolen form the software manufactures, and later is duplicated for sale in black market (also known as piracy)
What is Hacking?
-Any action that results in unauthorized interference with a computer, computer system or network
-Write or use ready-made programs to break into a computer
Types:
-To steal financial information such as credit cards to access to your funds
-To steal personal information
-To damage or modify data
-To launch computer attacks
-To gain access to other computers
-To transmit a virus via a malicious software
What is Spamming?
Automated sending of large quantities of unsolicited e-mails to recipients.
This may be for marketing purposes
Can disrupt or disable networks
What is Sniffing?
-Is the electronic eavesdropping on electronic data transmissions
-This may be of e-mails or of data which might be used for financial gain, for e.g., credit card details
What is Denial of service attack?
An attempt to make a machine or network resource unavailable to its intended users
What is Identity theft?
The fraudulent acquisition and use of a person’s private identifying information, usually for financial gain
Two types:
-Skimming
-Phishing
What is Identity Phishing?
Is a technique used by strangers to “fish” for information that you would not normally disclose such as bank account details credit card details Passport Number…
Email is very common method.
The site usually will look legit and real.
What is Skimming?
Is the illegal copying of information from the magnetic strip of a credit or Automated Teller Machine (ATM) card using an electronic device known as Skimmer.
Computer Misuse Act (CMA) (1990)
Made it illegal to (attempt to) make unauthorised access or changes to computer material.
Three sections:
1-Unauthorised access to computer material.
2-Unauthorised access with the intention to commit an offence (theft,…).
3-Unauthorised modification of computer material (virus, phishing, …)
What is Privacy in legislation?
Privacy is the ability of an individual/group to stop data or information about themselves from becoming known to people other than those to whom they choose to give access
The Data Protection Act (GDPR) -(2018)
Under the Data Protection Act 2018, you have the right to find out what information the government and other organisations store about you.
Applies to all electronic data and all organisations must comply
What is Intellectual property?
Intellectual property (IP) is intangible property created by an individual or organisation.
Is the product of human imagination, creativity, and inventiveness.
There are two types:
-Copyright
-Patent
Copyright
Comes into effect automatically
So, copyright does not protect ideas, but only the expression of ideas.
Covers books, music, software, designs, …
Patents
-More powerful than copyright
-Protects the idea behind an invention
What do we mean by Ethics?
Doing the right thing according to standards set by society. Some behaviour may legal but still unethical
Ethics at Brunel University
Any research that involves human participation, the collection or study of their data carried out at Brunel University requires ethical approval.
Advise on right of:
-Consent
-Withdrawal
-Confidentiality
Morality is about
Defining what is right and wrong for an individual or a community
