What is the carding issue? What does it address?
- the carding issue is the fact that people are being stopped on personal factors
- > there is no supporting intelligence or info
-it can be on the basis of stereotyped images of certain groups
What are the four components of procedural justice
1) Participation or Voice
- >one’s side of the story has been considered when decision are made
2) Neutrality
- >no personal biases
3) Conveying trustworthy motives
- >showing care and concern for citizens’ well being
4) Dignity
- >treatment with respect and upholding citizens rights
What is Tom Tyler’s stance on teachable moments
- every encounter the public has with the police should be treated as a socialising experience
- > it either builds or undermines legitimacy
Legitimacy based model
Legitimacy
- > lawfulness
- > distributed justice
- > procedural justice
- > effectiveness
- specifically it looks at the variation with which individuals feel the need to comply with the law
- > less likely to comply with the law means that the person will be more likely to break them
Who will accept police decisions?
- those who got good quality of treatment will accept the most
- then quality of decision making ranks second
- third is whether the favoured outcome is achieved
- last is the distributive justice factor
What is distributive justice
-It is the belief that the decision or outcomes the police receive are fair
- so that included
- > fair pay
- > promotion
- > transfers
- > duty assignment
- > disciplinary action
What does the social disorganization theory define
- it defines the inability of a community structure to:
- > realize common values of its residents
- > inability to maintain effective social controls
What is the main idea that the social disorganization theory promotes
- it promotes the idea that location matters
- > person’s residential location shapes whether that person will become involved in illegal activities
- residential location is as significant as the person’s individual characteristics
- > youth from disadvantaged neighbourhoods participate in a subculture which approves of delinquency
What are the four conclusions of the Sweet Mothers and Gangbangers article
1) black middle class neighbourhoods have higher poverty rates than white middle class neighbourhoods
- >they are closer to the poverty areas
2) High proportion of low-income residents
- >unstable middle class
- >thus crime is an attractive option to minority of residents within the neighbourhood
3) Residents in Groveland have formed strong primary and institutional ties
- >this is due to home ownership and residential stability
4)These primary and institutional ties thwart efforts to totally rid neighbourhoods of gangs and drugs.
