Legs Flashcards
(20 cards)
Erythema nodosum (6) (Describe colloquially)
- Tender firm
- Subcuteaneous
- Nodules
- Overlying erythema
- Panniculitis: inflammation of subcutaneous fat
- Common: shin
(shiny boil things around knee and shin)
What are the causes for erythema nodosum? (6)
- Idiopathic
- Infective
- Sarcoid
- Drugs
- Pregnancy
- IBD
What 2 main infections cause erythema nodosum? (2)
- Strep
- TB
Pyoderma Gangrenosum
(5) (Describe colloquially)
- Painful
- Rapidly progressing
- Blue edged
- Ulceration
- Site of minor injury
(Some pussy bits, some blue bits with background redness)
What causes pyoderma gangrenosum?
Necrotising dermatosis
What is associated with pyoderma gangrenosum? (3)
- IBS
- Rheumatoid arthritus
- Haematological disease - esp. leukaemia
Cutaneous small vessel vasculitis (and describe extent of damage)
- Tender
- Palpable
- Non blanching
- Purpura
- Extent of damage: sparse non ulcercated to superficial ulceration to skin nercrosis
What causes cutaneous small vessel vasculitis? (2)
- Inflammation in small blood vessels
- Immunocomplex deposition
What is the duration of cutaneous small vessel vasculitis?
Single self limiting episodes
When are the causes of cutaneous small vessel vasculitis? (3)
- Idiopathic
- Post infective
- Drug related
When does cutaneous small vessel vasculitis stop being classified as cutaenous and is just small vessel vasculitis?
Systemic involvement
What is small vessel vasculitis associated with systemically? (6)
- Drugs
- Infections - strep sore throat
- Autoimmune disease
- Connective tissue disease
- Systemic
Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Malignancy
What autoimmune diseases are associated with small vessel vasculitis? (2)
- Urticarial vasculitis
- ANCA associated vasculitis
What specific form of small vessel vasculitis involves IgA deposition?
Henoch Schonlein
How does small vessel vasculitus present differently to cutaneous small vessel vasculitus in the skin?
Small vessel = more necrotising
How does a DVT present in the leg? (6)
- Unilateral
- Sudden onset
- Red
- Swollen
- Painful
- No systemic signs
Describe lymphoedema with cellulitus (6)
- Fixed swelling
- Less pitting than normal peripheral oedema
- Bobbly skin changes
- Leaks fluid
- Hyperkeratosis- build up of keratin = scaly brown change
- Deepening of skin folds
How does cellulitus present? (9)
- Well defined localised area
- Spreading erythema
- Swelling
- Blistering
- Most often: lower limbs e.g effecting 1 leg/
- Unilateral: bilateral=other cause
- Tracking: along blood vessels from site of skin damage
- Pain
- Warmth
- First signs= systemically unwell = flu like symptoms, fever etc
How does necrotising fascitus present? (6)
- Bullae: large blister
- Rapidly progressing serious infection
- Very painful
- Systemic upset- fever, malaise
- Erythema
- Necrosis
Risk factors for necrotising fascitus?
- Diabetes
- Alcohol dependency
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular disease
