Lenin

Question 1

what were lenin’s general econ aims (L)

Answer 1

• nationalisation
• stability after war
• increased efficiency

Question 2

what was the vesenkha (L)

Answer 2

the supreme soviet of the national economy (economy body)

Question 3

what was the ideology behind state capitalism (L)

Answer 3

nationalisation of industry to coordinate econ production to meet the needs of society

Question 4

what did state capitalism involve (L)

Answer 4

large industries were nationalised and under the control of well-paid specialists

Question 5

what was land reform (L)

Answer 5

large estates of the church/wealthy landowners were broke up so peasants could own the land they worked on

Question 6

when was state capitalism used (L)

Answer 6

march - june 1918

Question 7

what was food dictatorship (L)

Answer 7

• grain requisitioning by the cheka and rationing

Question 8

why was war communism introduced (L)

Answer 8

to help the Bolsheviks won the civil war

Question 9

what were the three aims of war communism (L)

Answer 9

• increase production of military materials
• increase efficiency of allocation of workers
• increase the food production (for soldiers, workers and ordinary pop)

Question 10

when did war communism end (L)

Answer 10

1921

Question 11

what are the three features of war communism (L)

Answer 11

• food dictatorship
• labour discipline
• abolition of the market

Question 12

what happened under food dictatorship in war communism (L)

Answer 12

• grain requisitioning
• rationing

Question 13

explain grain requisitioning under food dictatorship in war communism (L)

Answer 13

the cheka would take surplus grain from the peasants with no payment in return

Question 14

explain rationing under food dictatorship in war communism (L)

Answer 14

largest rations went to the workers and soldiers, smallest to the bourgeoisie

Question 15

what were the three changes to labour disciple under war communism (L)

Answer 15

• working day set at 11 hours
• work compulsory for 16-50
• military style system

Question 16

describe the military style system of labour discipline under war communism (L)

Answer 16

punishments for being late/slacking
- death penalty for striking

Question 17

when was the working day set at 11 hours (L)

Answer 17

1918

Question 18

when was compulsory work introduced (L)

Answer 18

1919

Question 19

which ages did compulsory work apply to (L)

Answer 19

16-50

Question 20

what was the effect of the abolition of the market under war communism (L)

Answer 20

destroyed the power of the capitalist class

Question 21

what were the four features of the abolition of the market under war communism (L)

Answer 21

• abolition of money
• abolition of trade
• complete nationalisation
• conscription

Question 22

explain the abolition of money under the abolition of the market under war communism (L) (4 steps)

Answer 22

1 - more £££ printed
2 - hyperinflation (£££ becomes worthless)
3 - lead to bartering
4 - workers paid through rations and free public services (transport)

Question 23

explain the abolition of trade under the abolition of the market under war communism (L)

Answer 23

private trade made illegal

Question 24

explain complete nationalisation under the abolition of the market under war communism (L)

Answer 24

the state took over all businesses

Question 25

explain conscription under the abolition of the market under war communism (L)

Answer 25

workers had to be either in the factories or army

Question 26

what was the positive impact of war communism (L)

Answer 26

kept the red army supplied and won the civil war

Question 27

what are the four negative consequences of war communism (L)

Answer 27

- economic collapse - growth of black market - mass poverty - political crisis

Question 28

explain economic collapse as an impact of war communism (L)

Answer 28

- no work incentives (plus hunger and war) leads to less agri and indust production - indust prod: fell 3 mill to 1.2 mill

Question 29

how much did industrial production fall as an impact of war communism (L)

Answer 29

1917 - 3 million 1922 - 1.2 million

Question 30

explain the growth of the black market as an impact of war communism (L)

Answer 30

60% food from black market, 40% from rations - people in need so turn to it for help

Question 31

explain mass poverty as an impact of war communism (L)

Answer 31

fuel is sparse, workshops closed bad harvests in 1921 = 45% of the harvests in 1913 leading to a famine of 6 million dead

Question 32

explain politicial crisis as an impact of war communism (L)

Answer 32

mass starvation and economic crisis contributes to tambov peasants and kronstadt sailors

Question 33

what are the three reasons lenin introduced the NEP (L)

Answer 33

- rebuild the economy - develop socialism - retain political power

Question 34

what were the four measures under the NEP (L)

Answer 34

- end grain requistioning - allow private trade - reintroduce money - small factories private control, large stayed nationalised

Question 35

name the three positive consequences of the NEP (L)

Answer 35

- popular with peasants - end famine - major electrification campaign

Question 36

generally speaking, what were the measures of the NEP like in relation to war communism (L)

Answer 36

the opposite of the measures in war communism

Question 37

by how much did grain production increase from the NEP (L)

Answer 37

1920 - 46 mill tonnes 1923 - 56.6 mill tonnes

Question 38

why was the popularity of the NEP amougnst the peasants important (L)

Answer 38

made up 80% of population

Question 39

what was the impact of the major electrification campaign (L)

Answer 39

- revived industry - reopened factories - money invested into factories

Question 40

what are the four negatives consequences fo the NEP (L)

Answer 40

- industrial growth plateaued - scissor crisis - nepmen traders - corruption

Question 41

why did industrial growth plateau after war communism (L)

Answer 41

there wasn't enough money to build more factories

Question 42

what was the crisis part of the scissor crisis (L)

Answer 42

a gap opened between farmers income and industrial prices - farmers can't afford - less incentive

Question 43

what was the scissor part of the scissor crisis (L)

Answer 43

increasing food supplies meant agri prices dropped, whilst the industry recovered slowly

Question 44

how did the gov solve the scissor crisis (L)

Answer 44

subsidised prcies of industrial products but this meant there was less money to recover the economy

Question 45

what was the problem with the nepmen traders (L)

Answer 45

made money by spotting gaps in the market - arrested for profiteering since sold cheap goods for high amounts

Question 46

what corruption was there as a result of the NEP (L)

Answer 46

increases in gambling, prostitution and drug drealing