Lesions/clinical pearls Flashcards
(53 cards)
gross lack of coordination and muscle movements
ataxia (cerebellar lesion)
inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements
dysynergia
lack of coordination by overshoot or undershoot of limb
dysmetria
can’t point/judge distance
past pointing
can’t perform rapid turning movements
dysdiadochokinesia
“bad movement,” violent/uncontrolled movements
dyskinesia
caused by lesions of the sub thalamic fasciculus
hemiballismus
caused by degeneration of substantial nigra
parkinson’s disease
unable to form words (except usually profanity); lesion to broca’s
expressive aphasia
lesions of supra marginal gyrus
dyspraxia
makes it hard to complete single-step motor tasks such as combing hair and waving goodbye
ideomotor dyspraxia
makes it more difficult to perform a sequence of movements, like brushing teeth or making a bed
ideational dyspraxia
makes it difficult to coordinate muscle movements needed to pronounce words
oromotor dyspraxia
causes dyslexia and other reading/math disorders
lesions in angular gyrus
ability to see objects in the environment but difficulty identifying what is seen
visual agnosia
person cannot understand or comprehend speech
receptive aphasia (lesion to wernicke’s)
lesions of hippocampus
Alzheimer’s disease
injury to superficial cerebral veins, slow bleed
subdural hematoma
injury to middle meningeal artery
epidural hematoma
damage to facial cranial nerve; paralysis of ipsilateral mx. of facial expression
Bell’s palsy
CN III compression
uncal herniation
when rising intracranial pressure causes portions of the brain to flow from one intracranial compartment to another
uncal herniation
constant high pitch
dysphonia
most common skull fracture/bleed
pterion, middle meningeal artery, epidural hematoma
