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Lesson 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is laser light?

A

Converts light into energy for use in devices

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2
Q

What is sunlight?

A

A beam or ray of light that is made up of a variety of invisible and visible forms of electromagnetic energy (EM energy)

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3
Q

What is a wavelength?

A

It is measured from the distance of the top of one wave (amplitude) to the top of the next

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4
Q

What is light measured by?

A

It’s wavelength (in nanometers)

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5
Q

One wavelength equals

A

The distance between two successive wave crests or troughs

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6
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Occurs at short wavelengths (<400 nm)

Strips electrons from transport media

Alters cellular function

Causes mutation on DNA (ex. x-ray, ultraviolet (UV) rays

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7
Q

Non ionizing radiation

A

can NOT strip the electrons from transport media

Can NOT alter cellular function

Greatest health risk is ocular (eye) damage ex. Medical lasers and IPL machines

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8
Q

Properties of laser light

A

Lasers have unique properties that are not seen in any other type of energy form

Normal white light, that form a flashlight or lightbulb is made up of a multitude of visible and invisible infrared wavelengths merge and create white light that can quickly disperse in space within a short distance

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9
Q

laser light can cause four different tissue effects on the skin which are :

A
  1. Absorption
  2. Reflection
  3. Transmission
  4. Scatter / Diffusion
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10
Q

Photothermolysis

A

The absorption of light by chromophores (hemoglobin, melanin or water)

The transformation of absorbed light into heat (thermo)

The breakdown of the cells (lysis)

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11
Q

Examples of chromophores

A

Melanin, collagen, hemoglobin, water

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12
Q

What are the 5 parameters for selective photolysis

A
  1. Wavelength
  2. Pulse width
  3. Exposure time
  4. TRT
  5. Fluence
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13
Q

Wavelength

A

The distance between two successive wave crests

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14
Q

Pulse width (pulse duration)

A

The amount of time the laser is emitted on the skin

measured in nanosecond and millisecond

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15
Q

Exposure time

A

Should be less than or equal to the time necessary for cooling of the target structure

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16
Q

TRT Thermal Relaxation time

A

The time required for it to cool down to the normal temp of the surrounding tissue

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17
Q

Fluence

A

The energy delivered per unit area

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18
Q

Process of selective photothermolysis

A

The use of light energy to target a particle that is in our body which absorbs light

These particles are called chromophores

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19
Q

photothermolysis is achieved by

A

Wavelength

Pulse duration / Pulse width

Exposure dose / joules

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20
Q

Photothermolysis: wavelength

A

Selective absorption - The longer the wavelength the deeper the penetration

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21
Q

Photothermolysis: pulse duration

A

Heat confinement

Pulse duration is measured in nanoseconds or milliseconds- it is the timing of the light energy or how long the laser is actually on the skin

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22
Q

Photothermolysis: exposure dose

A

Fluence refers to the energy of the pulsed laser beam

Expressed in joules per square centimetre (J/CM2)

Refers to energy x time

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23
Q

3 main chromophores

A

Melanin

Hemoglobin

Water

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24
Q

What are 5 important terms we will be using frequently as a technician

A 
Wavelength 
Joules 
Pulse width 
TRT 
Cooling
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25
Light transmits…
Energy Or in other words: Electromagnetic wave that carries energy 400-700nm visible light
26
Briefly explain the creation of laser light
The creation lies within a machines general design, computer software, cooling system m and optics In every laser device is a tube or optical resonator - the resonator contains a medium (usually a gas, solid or liquid) that is responsible for the creation of light Gas medium can be made of: argon, carbon dioxide, helium- neon gas particles Solid medium is usually a synthetic crystal made up of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) particles and then doped with certain elements such as holmium, neodymium, thulium or erbium electrons Lasers are names in reference to their medium Turning on a laser machine creates high-voltage electricity that stimulates an intense light source from within the machine The electrons within the laser medium becomes stimulated by this electricity and then collide with mirrors placed on opposite ends of the laser tube and spontaneously produce identical photons Photons travel at the same frequency, parallel to each other and in phase in a collimated, coherent, monochromatic beam of light
27
What does “LASER” stand for
``` Light Amplification Stimulated Emission Radiation ```
28
List Properties of laser light (3)
1. Coherent light 2. Monochromatic light 3. Collimated light
29
Coherent light
All the light waves are travelling in the same direction and in unison with each other
30
Monochromatic light
Normal light contains all of the visible colours of light and appears white When light is passed through a prism or water droplet, one can actually see the full spectrum of visible light in a rainbow Laser light referred to as monochromatic mono means one it is made up of one way length and one colour and can be either visible or invisible Each different colour of light acts differently when exposed to different tissue and will create a uniquenical effect
31
What is the difference between IPL and laser?
Laser is monochromatic Lasers can only see one colour IPL can see more colours and are colour coded (Blue- acne - 420) (green - pigment & vascular lesions)
32
Collimated light
Laser photons are coherent, parallel to each other and can travel long distances Laser light that exits from a devices hand piece can fire across a room This is why safety protection controls need to be in place
33
List some laser devices
Ruby 694 nm Alexandrite 755 nm Diode laser 810nm ND YAG 1064 Tattoo removal Q switched Ruby laser 694 nm Q switched alexandrite laser 744nm Q switched ND YAQ laser 1064 nm
34
Ruby 694 nm | Laser device
High melanin attraction Best for skin types 1&2 (light skin) Doesn’t penetrate as deep as other machines Less effective for deep follicles and dark skins
35
Alexandrite 755 nm | Laser device
2nd highest melanin attraction Effective for skin types 1 to 4 Uses cooling system - especially for darker skin type Most have a built in cooling system
36
Diode laser 810 nm
Has a variety of pulse duration (pulse width) Effective on all skin types  Long term hair reduction
37
ND-YAG 1064
Lower melanin attraction Safe for dark skin Long pulse ND- YAG laser can penetrate 3-5 mm deep Higher Fluence and aggressive cooling is needed in order to see the best result without damaging surrounding skin Causes more discomfort due to deep penetration
38
Tattoo removal
Due to absorption curve of laser versus the different colours of tattoo ink, each colour may require a different laser for proper clearance The result is not guaranteed and a fair amount of trauma to the skin is necessary for deep tones
39
Q- switched Ruby laser 694 nm
Clears green, black and blue pigment | Multiple treatments required
40
Q switched alexandrite laser 755 nm
Also clears green, black & blue pigment | Multiple treatments required
41
Q switched ND YAG Laser 1064 nm
Treats black and blue pigment Has advantage over alexandrite because it can be used on darker skin types Effective device Blistering, bleeding and bruising are often side effects when using this laser
42
What is IPL?
Intense pulse light Different from laser It is a computer generated system, which emits a broad spectrum of light wave length from 420 to 1200 nm Special cut off filters are used to block out wavelength of light below the filter number selected and only those wavelengths of light above the filter numbers to pass through IPL is versatile One wavelength is absorbed by a chromophore, heat is released Can treat more than one chromophore at the same time It is high intensity light source which emits polychromatic, noncoherent light IPL has a broad wavelength spectrum (420-1200nm)
43
What does laser light emit?
Monochromatic, coherent light
44
What is the depth penetration of blue light?
Surface level Only targets the epidermis
45
What is the depth penetration of yellow/ green light?
Targets the epidermis and dermis
46
What is the depth penetration of red light?
Hair follicle Deepest penetration
47
Each hand piece is colour coded to its corresponding
Wavelength Each wavelength will penetrate the skin differently blue is the most superficial red will penetrate deeper
48
Blue hand piece treats…
Acne AC420
49
Green hand piece treats..
Pigmented and vascular lesions DUAL VP
50
What does the yellow hand piece treat?
Skin rejuvenation SR580
51
What does the red hand piece treat?
Hair reduction HR635
52
Light intensity is defined by
The energy density (FLUENCE)
53
Fluence
Is measured in joules per centimetre squared (J/cm2) It is how much energy/ heat is being delivered to the skin
54
Describe what happens if the clothing or skin is darker
The darker the clothing or skin, the more optical energy (light) is absorbed Darker surfaces heat up faster, thus they require a lower Fluence
55
What are joules?
Joules are the unit of measurement used to describe the intensity (Fluence) of the light energy per cm2 Joules can be referred to as Fluence or light energy
56
What does Fluence or energy density refer to?
refers to the amount of optical light energy delivered to a certain area measured in joules per centimetres squared it defines the intensity of the light pulse
57
Pulse duration
The pulse duration/ pulse width determines the “aggressiveness” of the treatment and is often measured in milliseconds (The unit of measurement can vary depending on the technology) Shorter pulses are more aggressive Longer pulses are less aggressive
58
Longer pulses are safer for
Dark skin and dark hair
59
Shorter pulses are more effective for
Light thin hair/ light skin
60
What is DPC technology
Dynamic pulse control DPC technology offers your client a personalized treatment that cater to their needs effectively and safely It is important to achieve a therapeutic temperature only in the targeted area, we’re leaving the surrounding tissue intact
61
DPC pulse types
Smooth pulse (Less specific, little TRT) Long pulse (More specific, more TRT) High pulse (Very specific, most TRT)
62
When was selective photothermolysis developed & by who?
1983 Anderson & Parrish
63
What does TRT mean?
Thermal relaxation time The time it takes the heat to conduct away from the lesion
64
Benefits of cooling
Higher cooling = higher specificity Cooling slows heat conduction to the healthy tissue Decreases heating rates on healthy tissue The heating of the lesion is not effected
65
Contact cooling hand pieces prevents
Superficial skin burns Also adds comfort to patients treatment

Medi Spa (7 decks)

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