Lesson 1

Question 1

• Known as one of the philosopher of so called “big three”
• He wanted to discover the essential nature of knowledge, justice, beauty and goodness
• His thoughts were delivered through Plato’s writing (The Dialogoues)

Answer 1

Socrates

Question 2

• His real name is Aristocles
• Established a school known as The Academy
• Author of the “The Dialogues”

Answer 2

Plato
Aristocles

Question 3

The 3 components that Plato established

Answer 3

• The Reason
• The Spirited
• The Appetites

Question 4

is rational that motivates human for goodness and truth

Answer 4

The Reason

Question 5

is non-rational that gives will or drive towards the action. It can be neutral but can also be influenced by the two parts. (love,anger,ambition)

Answer 5

The Spirited

Question 6

are irrational and lean towards desire for pleasure directions. (hunger,thirst)

Answer 6

The Appetites

Question 7

• He suggests that anything with his life has a soul
• The soul is the essence if all living things
• Humans differ- rational thinking

Answer 7

ARISTOTLE

Question 8

3 kinds of soul according to Aristotle

Answer 8

• Vegetative soul
• Sentient soul
• Rational soul

Question 9

physical body that can grow

Answer 9

Vegetative soul

Question 10

sensual desires, feelings, emotions

Answer 10

Sentient soul

Question 11

what makes men humans

Answer 11

Rational soul

Question 12

The rational nature of the self is to lead a good, flourishing, and fulfilling-life

Answer 12

Self-actualization

Question 13

• He became a bishop of Hippo
• He was convinced that Platonism and Christianity were natural partners
• He adopted Plato’s vision about the metaphysical view of set and reality by interpreting the Christianity

Answer 13

ST. Augustine of Hippo

Question 14

Who said “God as the source of all reality and truth”

Answer 14

St. Augustine of Hippo

Question 15

_____ mentioned that the cause of sin or evil is an act of man’s free will. Moral goodness can only be achieved through the grace of God.

Answer 15

St. Augustine of Hippo

Question 16

Who said

> Love of physical object leads to the sin of greed.
Love for others in an excessive manner leads to the sin of jealousy.
Love for the self leads to the sin of pride.

“In short too much love will kill you”.

Answer 16

St. Augustine of Hippo

Question 17

He believed that all things are worthy of love but they must be loved properly.

Answer 17

St. Augustine of Hippo

Question 18

> He is a Christian and theologian, who synthesize philosophy and religion.
He also left an indelible mark in viewing the self.
He believed in Aristotle’s view of the self and reality through discussing the basic categories of things: matter and form.

Answer 18

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 19

He believes that life begins with the union of matter and form that gradually rises to define the self.

Answer 19

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 20

a philosophical view of Aristotle about “being” as a compound of matter and form.

Answer 20

Hylomorphism

Question 21

He would said that soul (form) wont no longer function if the body (material) stops to function.

Answer 21

St. Thomas Aquinas

Question 22

> Founder of Modern Philosophy
He introduced the Cartesian method.
Body (extenza) and mind (cogito)

Answer 22

Rene Descartes

Question 23

> He is convinced that to view human existence, the focused should be on the reasoning process and its relation to self.
The thinking abilities such as to investigate, analyze, experiment, and develop our own conclusion.
He also discovered that human mind has two powers:

Answer 23

Rene Descartes

Question 24

Two powers of the Human Mind

Answer 24

Intuition
Deduction

Question 25

to apprehend direction of certain truths

Answer 25

Intuition

Question 26

or to discover the truth through a systematic process

Answer 26

Deduction

Question 27

Cogito ergo sum “I think, therefore I am” as the first principle of his theory

Answer 27

Rene Descartes

Question 28

"Control your body if you want your mind to work properly."

Answer 28

Rene Descartes

Question 29

> British philosopher and a physician. > An advocate of Empiricist view of knowledge > He created the “Essay Concerning Human Understanding” to explain that the mind is a tabula rasa

Answer 29

John Locke

Question 30

In his essay entitled “On Personal Identity” a part of gives an analysis how can we experience ourselves in everyday lives.

Answer 30

John Locke`

Question 31

Da who?? >the essence of self is conscious awareness (through senses) of itself as a thinking, reasoning, and reflecting identity. > As he further note that “nothing exist in the mind that was not first in the senses”

Answer 31

John Locke

Question 32

three laws according to Locke:

Answer 32

> Law of Opinion > Civil Law > Divine Law

Question 33

where actions that are praiseworthy are virtues and those that are not are called vice

Answer 33

Law of Opinion

Question 34

where right actions are reinforced by people in authority

Answer 34

Civil Law

Question 35

where actions of man are set by God

Answer 35

Divine Law

Question 36

According to him : There is no Self

Answer 36

David Hume

Question 37

He stated that if a man would examine his sense of experience through a process of introspection or self-observation, he might discover that there is no self.

Answer 37

David Hume

Question 38

He analyzed that the mind receives materials from the senses and calls it perception. Mind as a container for fleeting sensations and disconnected ideas.

Answer 38

David Hume

Question 39

The contents of our perception can be distinguish into: (2)

Answer 39

Impression Ideas

Question 40

the basic sensation of our experience which is more lively and vivid than the ideas

Answer 40

Impression

Question 41

are the recollection of these impressions

Answer 41

Ideas

Question 42

Who stated that "self is just an imaginary creature that consist of a bundle of different perception derived from succession of impermanent states and events"

Answer 42

David Hume

Question 43

According to him : We construct the Self

Answer 43

Immanuel Kant

Question 44

> He is considered the greatest thinker of eighteenth century. > He synthesized the two competing schools; the rationalism and the empiricism. >He explained that both experience and reason plays an important role in constructing our self and knowledge of the world.

Answer 44

Immanuel Kant

Question 45

> He formulate theories that touches the world of unconscious using the method of free association and dream analysis

Answer 45

Sigmund Freud

Question 46

> He formulate theories that touches the world of unconscious using the method of free association and dream analysis

Answer 46

Sigmund Freud

Question 47

He created The Multilayered Self

Answer 47

Sigmund Freud

Question 48

He uses an iceberg to illustrate how the mind works

Answer 48

Sigmund Freud

Question 49

– the structure pleasure principle that demands immediate satisfaction

Answer 49

Id

Question 50

– the structure based on reality principle that mediates between impulses of the id and the restraints of the super ego

Answer 50

Ego

Question 51

the structure based on moral principle that shows morality of actions based on childhood experiences from their parents or family

Answer 51

Superego

Question 52

the life instinct

Answer 52

Eros <3

Question 53

death instinct <3

Answer 53

Thanatos

Question 54

The energy of eros is called ___

Answer 54

Libido

Question 54

The energy of eros is called ___

Answer 54

Libido

Question 55

He would probably told you that a man is a product of his past lodged within his subconscious. “WE ARE THE PRISONERS OF OUR PAST”

Answer 55

Sigmund Freud