Lesson 1

Question 1

Scientific study of behavior and mental process

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

Set of hypothesised statements about the relationship among events

Answer 2

Theory

Question 3

Propose reasons for relationships

Answer 3

Theory

Question 4

Derive explanation and prediction

Answer 4

Theory

Question 5

What do Psychologists do?

Answer 5

Research, Practice, Teaching

Question 6

Conducted without conconcern for immediate application

Answer 6

Pure Research

Question 7

Conducted to find solutions to particular problems

Answer 7

Applied Research

Question 8

Applying psychological knowledge to help individuals

Answer 8

Practice

Question 9

Sharing psychological knowledge in classroom, seminars, and workshops

Answer 9

Teaching

Question 10

FIELDS OF PSYCHOLOGY (16)

Answer 10

Clinical Psychologist
Counselling Psychologist
School Psychologist
Educational Psychologist
Developmental Psychologist
Social Psychologist
Environmental Psychologist
Experimental Psychologist
Forensic Psychologist
Health Psychologist
Sports Psychologist
Industrial Psychologist
Human Factor Psychologist
Organizational Psychologist
Consumer Psychologist

Question 11

Help people with psychologoical disorders adjust to the demands of life

Evaluate and resolve problems and change self defeating behaviors

Answer 11

Clinical Psychologist

Question 12

Use interviews and test to define client’s problems

Typically handles adjustment problens but not psychological disorders

Answer 12

Counselling Psychologist

Question 13

identify and assist students who have problems thag interfere with learning

help in decision making in student placement

Answer 13

School Psychologist

Question 14

Facilitate learning by focusing on course planning and institutional methods for a school system

Answer 14

Educational Psychologist

Question 15

Study the changes in physical, cognitive, social, and emotional occurence throughout lifespan

may focu on influences of heredity and environment on development

Answer 15

Developmental Psychologist

Question 16

Identify and measure humab traits and determine influences on human thought, processes, feelings, and behavior

Answer 16

Personality Psychologist

Question 17

Study the ways that people and the enviroment, natural environment, and human made environment, influence one another

Answer 17

Environmental Psychologist

Question 18

Specialize in basic processes such as the nervous system, sensation and perception, learning and memory, thought, motivation and emotion

Answer 18

Experimental Psychologist

Question 19

Apply Psychology to the crimical justice system

Deal with legal matters such as defendant’s sanity during the commitment of crime

May also treat psychologically ill offenders, consult with attorneys, and analyze offender’s behaviors and mental processes

Answer 19

Forensic Psychologist

Question 20

Studied the effects of stress on health problems such as headaches, cardiovascular disease, and cancer

Guide clients towrds healthier behavior patterns

Answer 20

Health Psychologist

Question 21

Help athletes concentrate on their performance and not on the crowd, they use cognitive strategies such as positive visualization to enhance performance and avoid choking under pressure

Answer 21

Sports Psychologist

Question 22

focus on relationship between people and work

Answer 22

Industrial Psychologist

Question 23

Make technical systems such as automobile dashboard and computer keyboards more user friendly

Answer 23

Human Factor Psychologist

Question 24

Study the behavior of people in organizations such as business

Answer 24

Organizational Psychologist

Question 25

Study the behavior of shoppers in an effort tonpredict and influence their behavior

Answer 25

Consumer Psychologist

Question 26

Who said that science could rationally treat only info gathered by senses

Answer 26

Aristotle

Question 27

Declared that people are motivated to seek pleasure and avoid pain

Answer 27

Aristotle

Question 28

What did aristotle say about the human behavior

Answer 28

"human behaviour, like movements of the stars and the seas, is subject to rules and law"

Question 29

Who said that we could think of behavior in terms of body and a momind and that behavior is influenced by external simulation

Answer 29

Democritus

Question 30

First to raise question whether there is free will or choice

Answer 30

Democritus

Question 31

Who said that people should rely on rational thought and introspection

Answer 31

Socrates

Question 32

careful examination of one's own thoughts and emotions

Answer 32

Introspection

Question 33

Who showed how physical events stimulate psychological sensations and perceptions

Answer 33

Gustav Fechner

Question 34

What book did Gustav Fechner published?

Answer 34

Elements of Psychophysics

Question 35

What's the theory of Charles Darwin

Answer 35

Theory of Natural Selection

Question 36

Who opened the first psychology laboratory and helped develop the field of structuralism

Answer 36

Wilhelm Wundt

Question 37

attempted to break conscious experience down into objective sensations and subjective feelings

Answer 37

Structuralism

Question 38

This shows how our experiences help us function more adaptively in our environment (adapted Darwin's theory)

Answer 38

Functionalism

Question 39

Adaptive Behavior : ?? Maladaptive Behavior : ??

Answer 39

learned and maintained drop out

Question 40

learning observable (by means of special instruments) behavior

Answer 40

Behaviorism

Question 41

Founder of American Behaviorism

Answer 41

John Watson

Question 42

they said that organisms learn to behave in certain ways bcs of reinforcements

Answer 42

B.F Skinner

Question 43

stimulus that follows a response and increases the frequency of the response

Answer 43

Reinforcement

Question 44

much of our lives us governed vy unconscious ideas and impulses that originate in childhood conflicts

Answer 44

Psychoanalysis

Question 45

relationship between the brain, hormones, heredity, and evolution

Answer 45

Biological Perspective/Evolutionary (?)

Question 46

understanding the mental process to understand human nature investigate ways we perceive andmentally represent the world

Answer 46

Cognitive Perspective

Question 47

emphasizes the role of subjective experience people have free will

Answer 47

Humanistic-Existential Perspective

Question 48

Who sa Hierarchy of Needs

Answer 48

Abraham Maslow

Question 49

Hierarchy of Need from baba to taas

Answer 49

Physiological Needs Safety Needs Love and Belonging Self Esteem Self-actualization

Question 50

focuses less on unconscious process and more in conscious choice and self direction influenced by Freud's theory

Answer 50

Psychodynamic Perspective

Question 51

environmental influences and learning habits thru repetition and reinforcement

Answer 51

Contemporary Cognitivists

Question 52

people's capacity to modify and create their environment

Answer 52

Social Cognitivists

Question 53

studies influences of ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status in behavior and mental processes

Answer 53

Social Perspective

Question 54

an organized way of using experience and testing ideas to expand and refine knowledge

Answer 54

Scientific Method

Question 55

a specific statement about behavior/mental processes that is tested thru research

Answer 55

hypothesis

Question 56

complete group of interest to researchers, from which a sample is drawn

Answer 56

population

Question 57

part of population

Answer 57

sample

Question 58

each member of a population has an equal chance of being selected to participate

Answer 58

Random Sample

Question 59

identified subgroups in the population are represented proportionately in the sample

Answer 59

stratified sample

Question 60

people who offer to participate in research

Answer 60

voluntary bias

Question 61

[method in research] biography thru interviews, questionnaires, and psychological test

Answer 61

Case Study

Question 62

scientific investigation where large sample of people answer questions about their attitudes/behavior

Answer 62

Survey

Question 63

observe behavior where it happens ir "in the field'

Answer 63

Naturalistic Observation

Question 64

investigating relationship between observed behavior or a measured trait

Answer 64

Correlation

Question 65

expresses the strength and direction of the relationship between the variable

Answer 65

Correlation Coefficient

Question 66

seeks to confirm cause and effect introducing independent variables and observing their effects kn dependent variables

Answer 66

Experiment

Question 67

variable that can be manipulated

Answer 67

Independent Variable

Question 68

assumed effect of Independent Variable

Answer 68

Dependent Variable

Question 69

groups whose members obtain the treatment

Answer 69

experimental group

Question 70

do not obtain treatment, while other conditions are held constant

Answer 70

Control Groups

Question 71

bogus treatment that has the appearance of being genuine

Answer 71

placebo

Question 72

unaware whether or not one has received a treatment

Answer 72

blind

Question 73

neither the subjects nor the observer know who has received the treatment

Answer 73

double-blind study

Question 74

participant's agreement ti participate in the research

Answer 74

Informed Consent